In the bilayered Ni/Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) composite, upon the application of a magnetic field, a strong flexural deformation was observed. Using an analogous scenario involving a known thermo bimetal, a simple formula for the curvature in the bilayered Ni/PZT composite was obtained. This result permitted the strain distribution and the static magnetoelectric (ME) coefficient in the bilayer composite to be easily solved. Experimental and theoretical results quantitatively explained how the flexural deformation weakened the ME effect in the bilayer composite, which agreed well with the experimental results from many previous experiments.
Keywords: Layered Structures, Flexural Deformation, Magnetoelectric CompositeIntroduction Multiferroic materials have been drawn increasing interest due to the physics inherent in the coexistence of two or more states of ferrocity and their significant multi-field coupling effect [1], e.g. the magnetoelectric (ME) effect. Multiferroic composites constructed by combining magnetostrictive (MS) and piezoelectric materials have exhibited very large ME coefficients and are already employed in many prototype device applications such as magnetic field sensors [2], multi-state storage cells [3], and for use as miniature antennae [4]. In ME composites, the ME effect is a strainmedia product effect between the piezoelectric effect and the MS effect. The stress/strain transfer between the two phases plays a key role during the ME coupling, which is significantly affected by the structure of the composite. Until now, various topological structures have been designed [5] and used to prepare ME composites, such as 0-3 [6,7], 1-3 [8-10], 2-2 [11-13], and 2-1 [14] connectivity structures. To ensure simple fabrication and large resulting ME coefficients, laminated (2-2) ME composites containing bilayer, trilayer, or multilayer structures are the most widely studied [15][16][17][18].The laminated bilayer ME composites have shown very high ME coefficients and relatively low resonance frequencies when loaded in flexural modes. Their flexural