Miniature combined GSM‐GPS wire‐patch antenna

Cavity embedded GPS antenna in GSM wire‐patch radiating element

“…Measured beam apertures and calculated gains obtained using IE3D Zeeland software are very close to the results obtained in Ref. 5, with maximum value of gain is close to the one of a monopolar wire on finite ground plane.…”

“…Measured circular polarization bandwidth is 5.5 MHz (0.3%) for an axial ratio lower than 3 dB, which is sufficient for GPS communication standard. The measured gain is 4 dB [5]. Figures 4(a)-(c) show the measured radiation patterns, obtained, respectively, at 890, 930, and 960 MHz in the planes ⌽ ϭ 0°(XXЈ plane), 45°, and 90°(YYЈ plane).…”

“…5. They are located at 6 mm from the edge of the cavity to avoid disturbance of the surface currents on the GSM upper plate because these currents are essentially located The effects of the GPS patch and SMB connector were integrated in the optimization of the previous study [5]. The final optimized structure was fine tuned using principally diameters of wires M1, M2, and M3.…”

“…However, in automotive applications, the most common requirements asked to GSM antennas are generally and simultaneously, low cost, light weight, solidity, radome protection, low profile designs, large bandwidths but also high-performance monopolar type radiation pattern. Fortunately, it has been shown that stacked wire-patch antennas are good solutions for all these problems [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Concurrently, the development of GPS systems on automotive has increased the pressure on GSM antenna providers to integrate in a single structure both GSM and GPS communication standards.…”

“…The starting structure of this study was presented in Ref. 5. The different metallic plates of the GSM radiating element are realized in 0.3-mm copper sheets on air substrate to provide the largest bandwidth as possible.…”