Miniature multioctave light source based on a monolithic microcavity

Liang, Wei; Savchenkov, Anatoliy A.; Xie, Zhenda; McMillan, James F.; Burkhart, Jan; Ilchenko, Vladimir S.; Wong, Chee Wei; Matsko, Andrey B.; Maleki, Lute

doi:10.1364/optica.2.000040

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…[65]. Recent experiments have also shown that Kerr combs can even have a multioctave spectral span [66]. Therefore, Kerr combs can be self-referenced and be useful for metrological applications.…”

Section: Ultra-stable Microwave Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

Chembo

2016

Nanophotonics

139

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Abstract:The optical frequency comb technology is one of the most important breakthrough in photonics in recent years. This concept has revolutionized the science of ultra-stable lightwave and microwave signal generation. These combs were originally generated using ultrafast mode-locked lasers, but in the past decade, a simple and elegant alternative was proposed, which consisted in pumping an ultra-high-Q optical resonator with Kerr nonlinearity using a continuous-wave laser. When optimal conditions are met, the intracavity pump photons are redistributed via four-wave mixing to the neighboring cavity modes, thereby creating the so-called Kerr optical frequency comb. Beyond being energy-efficient, conceptually simple, and structurally robust, Kerr comb generators are very compact devices (millimetric down to micrometric size) which can be integrated on a chip. They are, therefore, considered as very promising candidates to replace femtosecond mode-locked lasers for the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the spectral domain, or equivalently, narrow optical pulses in the temporal domain. These combs are, moreover, expected to provide breakthroughs in many technological areas, such as integrated photonics, metrology, optical telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive survey of the topic of Kerr optical frequency combs. We provide an overview of the main theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained so far. We also highlight the potential of Kerr combs for current or prospective applications, and discuss as well some of the open challenges that are to be met at the fundamental and applied level.

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Section: Ultra-stable Microwave Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

Chembo

2016

Nanophotonics

139

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“…14) [258]. Similarly to generation of multioctave hyper-parametric oscillation [96], the mode-locked SRS is observed when the pumping is performed at normal GVD where the generation of the conventional Kerr frequency comb has a higher threshold.…”

Section: Global Correctionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, phase matching of the FWM process in fibers can be achieved via different mode families of the fibers [93][94][95] and, similarly, in microresonators [96]. Generation of frequency harmonics by seeding modulated light to a fiber link [97], a sub-micron silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide [98], and a coupled-resonator optical waveguides [99] have also been observed.…”

Section: Resonant Wave Mixingmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of examples of this process is generation of a multi-octave frequency spectrum in a crystalline microresonator [96]. The intrinsic GVD of the resonator is too high to allow such an oscillation within the same mode family and the nonlinear process takes place via overlapping modes belonging to different families.…”

Section: Sequential Growth Of the Frequency Combmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike thermal locking selfinjection locking is supported at both at blue and red slopes of the mode. As a result, coherent combs with both CaF2 and MgF2 resonators were achieved with the laser self-injection locked to the mode that generates the comb [96]. An example of the frequency spectrum of a coherent comb produced by the described technique is shown at the chart above (top, left).…”

Section: Unsolved Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

2016

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Optical frequency combs have become indispensable in astronomical measurements, biological fingerprinting, optical metrology, and radio frequency photonic signal generation. Recently demonstrated microring resonator-based Kerr frequency combs point the way towards chip scale optical frequency comb generator retaining major properties of the lab scale devices. This technique is promising for integrated miniature radiofrequency and microwave sources, atomic clocks, optical references and femtosecond pulse generators. Here we present Kerr frequency comb development in a historical perspective emphasizing its similarities and differences with other physical phenomena. We elucidate fundamental principles and describe practical implementations of Kerr comb oscillators, highlighting associated solved and unsolved problems.

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Ultra‐Low Threshold Titanium‐Doped Sapphire Whispering‐Gallery Laser

Azeem

Trainor

Gao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Titanium doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) is a laser gain material with broad gain bandwidth benefiting from the material stability of sapphire. These favorable characteristics of Ti:sapphire have given rise to femtosecond lasers and optical frequency combs. Shaping a single Ti:sapphire crystal into a millimeter sized high quality (Q) whispering gallery mode resonator (Q ≈ 108) reduces the lasing threshold to 14.2 mW and increases the laser slope efficiency to 34%. The observed lasing can be both multi‐mode and single‐mode. This is the first demonstration of a Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser. Furthermore, a novel method of evaluating the gain in Ti:sapphire in the near infrared region is demonstrated by introducing a probe laser with a central wavelength of 795 nm. This method results in decreasing linewidth of the modes excited with the probe laser, consequently increasing their Q. These findings open avenues for the usage of whispering gallery mode resonators as cavities for the implementation of compact Ti:sapphire lasers. Moreover, Ti:sapphire whispering‐gallery laser can also be utilized as an amplifier inside its gain bandwidth by implementing a pump–probe configuration.

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Miniature multioctave light source based on a monolithic microcavity

Cited by 76 publications

References 91 publications

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives

On Frequency Combs in Monolithic Resonators

Ultra‐Low Threshold Titanium‐Doped Sapphire Whispering‐Gallery Laser

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