Miniature quad-channel spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer for magnetoencephalography

Li, Jianjun; Du, Pengcheng; Fu, Jiahui; Wang, Xu-Tong; Zhou, Qing; Wang, Ruquan

doi:10.1088/1674-1056/28/4/040703

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…[104] Finally, the improvement of interference rejection for the external magnetic field, the optimization of cross-talk with adjacent sensors, and a standardized electronics system for data acquisition and processing will make the SERF atomic magnetometers more widely used in the biomedical field. [5,105,106] In 2004, a chip-scale atomic magnetometer based on MEMS technology emerged, but sensitivity was not up to the requirement of MCG and MEG, just 50 pT Hz −1/2 at 10 Hz. [86] By 2010, a small SERF magnetometer had been used to measure evoked responses from median nerve and auditory stimulation.…”

Section: Serf Atomic Magnetometers For Biomagnetic Signal Detections ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

Bao

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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The accurate detection of very weak biomagnetic signals with a sensitivity of fT levels and mapping nanoscale magnetic field variations are two of the most significant challenges for biosensing. Compared to the limited sensitivity and spatial resolution of traditional magnetic field sensors, quantum‐based magnetic field sensors are emerging as a promising solution. In this review, the latest developments of three representative quantum‐based magnetic field sensors, including superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) atomic magnetometers, and nitrogen‐vacancy centers in diamond, are summarized. Both virtues and limitations of these sensors are analyzed systematically, and typical applications in magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography, detection of neuronal action potentials, magnetic imaging of living cells, biomedical diagnosis, etc., are presented. Furthermore, SQUIDs combined with microfluidics for magnetic immunoassay diagnostics, the chip‐scale SERF atomic magnetometers fabricated by microelectromechanical systems that offer wearable flexibility, and nanodiamonds functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles to improve the sensitivity of nanothermometers are discussed.

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Section: Serf Atomic Magnetometers For Biomagnetic Signal Detections ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

Bao

Wang

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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“…3 (original figures available in [86] [87]) shows the typical size of an OPM and SURF. Most of AMs are just couple centimeters in their largest dimension [75] [37] [67] [34].…”

Section: B Atomic Magnetometers (Am)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Magnetic Field Emissions From the Human Body: Sources, Sensors, and Uses

Zhu

Kiourti

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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It has long been common practice to capture the electric fields emanated by the human body as a means of detecting and/or monitoring diverse health conditions. However, these electric fields are strongly impacted by the complex permittivity of biological tissues which deteriorates their waveforms and limits their diagnostic capabilities. As an alternative, recent progress has been made in the measurement of bio-magnetic fields occur from the natural currents flowing through the body. The advantage in this case is, since tissues are non-magnetic, magnetic fields propagate in an uninterrupted manner towards the skin surface where they are eventually collected. This unveils game-changing opportunities for future medical diagnostics. Nevertheless, a major challenge associated with sensing these naturally emanated magnetic fields is that they are extremely weak, and in fact orders of magnitude smaller than those generated by the Earth. To this end, extensive efforts have been pursued to realize sensing technology that is sensitive enough to collect biomagnetic fields. Example fields of use include magnetomyography (MMG), magnetocardiography (MCG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and Magnetoneurography (MNG) (including magnetospinography (MSG)). This review will provide an overview of technologies used to sense bio-magnetic fields, list their merits and limits in a critical manner, and discuss clinical applications.INDEX TERMS Bioelectromagnetics, magnetocardiography (MCG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), magnetomyography (MMG), Magnetoneurography (MNG), magnetospinography (MSG).

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“…State-of-the-art Hanle sensors [2][3][4][17][18][19] engage the spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) regime [20] to reduce linewidth of the resonance. This helps to achieve the highest sensitivity (δB) owing to a simple relation: δB ≈ FWHM/SNR with FWHM being the full width at half maximum of the resonance (in units of G) and SNR being the signal-to-noise ratio in a 1-Hz bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level-crossing resonances on open atomic transitions in a buffered Cs vapor cell: Linewidth narrowing, high contrast and applications to atomic magnetometry

Brazhnikov,

Vishnyakov,

Goncharov

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The ground-state Hanle effect (GSHE) in alkali-metal atomic vapors using a single circularly polarized light wave underlies one of the most robust and simplest techniques in modern atomic magnetometry. This effect causes a narrow (subnatural-width) resonance in the light wave intensity transmitted through an atomic vapor cell. Usually, GSHE-based sensors operate in the so-called spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime to reduce the resonance linewidth. However, this regime requires a relatively high temperature of vapors (≈ 150 • C or even higher), leading to large heat release and power consumption of the sensor head. Besides, without applying special measures, SERF regime significantly limits a dynamic range of magnetic field measurements. Here, we study a pump-probe scheme involving a single elliptically polarized light wave and a polarimetric detection technique. The wave is in resonance with two adjacent optical transitions in the cesium D1 line (λ = 894.6 nm) owing to their overlapping in presence of a buffer gas (130 Torr of neon). Using a small (V ≈ 0.1 cm 3 ) glass vapor cell, we demonstrate the possibility of observing subnaturalwidth resonances with a high contrast-to-width ratio (up to ≈ 45 %/mG) under a low-temperature (≈ 60 • C) regime of operation thanks to a strong light-induced circular dichroism in the medium. Basing on a Λ scheme of atomic energy levels, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the resonance's line shape. The model reveals a linewidth narrowing effect due to openness of the scheme of levels. This result is unusual for magneto-optical atomic spectroscopy because the openness is commonly considered as a undesirable effect degrading the resonance characteristics. By measuring noise voltage, we have figured out a 1.8 pT/ √ Hz sensitivity of magnetic field measurements with a 60 fT/ √ Hz sensitivity in the photon-shot-noise limit. The results, in general, contribute to the theory of GSHE resonances and can be also applied to development of a low-temperature high-sensitivity miniaturized magnetic field sensor with an extended dynamic range.

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Miniature quad-channel spin-exchange relaxation-free magnetometer for magnetoencephalography

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

Quantum‐Based Magnetic Field Sensors for Biosensing

A Review of Magnetic Field Emissions From the Human Body: Sources, Sensors, and Uses

Level-crossing resonances on open atomic transitions in a buffered Cs vapor cell: Linewidth narrowing, high contrast and applications to atomic magnetometry

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