Miniaturized and Reconfigurable Rat-Race Coupler Based on Artificial Transmission Lines

Tolin, Enrico; Bähr, Alexander; Vipiana, F.

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2020.2972738

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Comparing the results with the ones from literature, in [2], [3], [5], [21]- [24] the proposed coupler offers better performances for almost all parameters at the central frequencies.…”

Section: Miniaturized Dual Band Ring Couplermentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Also, the phase imbalance is not so good, being around 4 o rather than only 1 o as in the case of the proposed coupler. The coupler presented in reference [24] has good results for the main electrical parameters, except for the return loss, but the dimensions of the overall circuit are two times greater than in the case of the proposed coupler.…”

Section: Miniaturized Dual Band Ring Couplermentioning

confidence: 92%

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Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters

Mocanu

2021

IEEE Access

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A compact 3-dB dual band ring coupler is designed, fabricated and tested. The coupler consists of three identical miniaturized Left-Handed (LH) impedance inverter transmission lines (TLs) and a dual one. The general principle of using LH TLs' duality to reduce the size of a dual band ring coupler is explained in detail, showing the equivalent lumped element circuits and the designing relations. A numerical example is considered for the duality analysis and the results are used to obtain a size reduction for both the coupler's dimensions and the number of utilized components. Other arbitrary coupling levels (1 dB and 5 dB) and frequency ratios are investigated and the results of simulations show very good results, proving the validity of the general principle of using LH transmission line's duality. The 3-dB coupler is implemented in microstrip technology and using high-quality lumped components. It works at two arbitrary frequencies, 1.1 GHz and 2.5 GHz, respectively with similar performances. The overall dimension of the proposed coupler is 0.07λ×0.07λ for a wavelength, λ computed at 1.1 GHz. The measured results are in good agreement with the predicted ones for both frequencies, having the return loss and isolation loss better than 33 dB, whereas keeping the insertion and coupling losses at around 3.5 dB in both frequency bands. The phase imbalance at the output ports is less than 1.5 o , when the difference and sum ports are excited.INDEX TERMS Directional couplers, dual band, Left-Handed transmission lines, metamaterials, ring coupler.

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“…Comparing the results with the ones from literature, in [2], [3], [5], [21]- [24] the proposed coupler offers better performances for almost all parameters at the central frequencies.…”

Section: Miniaturized Dual Band Ring Couplermentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Miniaturized Dual Band Ring Couplermentioning

confidence: 92%

Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters

Mocanu

2021

IEEE Access

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“…As shown in Figure 1, the active integrated quadrature four-feed network is composed of a wideband impedancetransforming rat-race coupler, two TRD couplers [25], and an integrated LNA. In recent years, developments in rat-race couplers have included harmonic suppression [26], dualband [27,28], wideband [29], and reconfgurable [30,31]. However, less research focuses on improving the output port distributions and phase diferences of a rat-race coupler.…”

Section: Antenna Structure and Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Active Integrated GNSS Antenna Based on the Impedance Transforming Quadrature Four-Feed Network

Wang,

Liu,

et al. 2023

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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In the paper, a wideband miniaturized impedance-transforming quadrature four-feed network with a flat output phase difference is presented and applied to the design of an active integrated GNSS antenna where no extra impedance matching circuit is needed. The features of impedance transformation and flat output phase difference are achieved by the proposed miniaturized rat-race coupler. When combining the proposed rat-race coupler with two trans-directional (TRD) couplers, a four-feed network with stable sequential quadrature phase shifts is obtained in the whole GNSS band. Since the quadrature four-feed network has the feature of impedance transformation, integration with a low-noise amplifier (LNA) can be realized without extra impedance matching circuits, which reduce the overall size and losses. For validation, a simple rectangular patch is applied as the radiator, and the active prototype is fabricated. Measurement results show that over the entire GNSS band from 1.164 GHz to 1.610 GHz, the miniaturized integrated antenna exhibits a return loss of more than 10 dB, an axial ratio of less than 3 dB axial ratio, and a gain of greater than 16 dBic.

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Phase Compensation Analysis of Rat-Race Coupler with Two Short Stubs

Sun

Cheng

2022

2022 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT)

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Miniaturized and Reconfigurable Rat-Race Coupler Based on Artificial Transmission Lines

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters

Compact Dual Band Ring Coupler Using Miniaturized Metamaterial Left-Handed Impedance Inverters

Design of Active Integrated GNSS Antenna Based on the Impedance Transforming Quadrature Four-Feed Network

Phase Compensation Analysis of Rat-Race Coupler with Two Short Stubs

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