Miniaturized force-compensated hydrogel-based pH sensors

Progress in hydrogels for sensing applications: a review

“…Obviously, hydrogels-based sensors present some drawback. In fact, as reported by Deng and co-authors [42], in conventional open-loop hydrogel-based pH sensors the sensor performance is often limited by the slow cooperative diffusion process of hydrogels. Because of this, in order to overcome this limitation, they develop a pH sensor with force compensation.…”

Recent advances in the synthesis of smart hydrogels

“…1 shows a classification of external factors that can instigate smart hydrogels. These wonderful characteristics have the potential to trigger many applications; for example, biomedical (i.e., tissue engineering, drug delivery, and drug release) 17 , personal healthcare and hygienic products 18 , agriculture (i.e., soil moisturizing, conditioning, nutrient carrier, and erosion control) 19 , wastewater treatment 20 , sensors and actuators 21,22 , textiles 23 , construction 24 , electrical 25 , membranes 26 , and flocculation 27 . Based on their desired application trigger, the hydrogel can be synthesized by physical interactions and chemical reactions.…”

Acrylamide Hydrogel-Modified Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors for pH Sensing

“…A device with high sensitivity, fast response, miniaturization, and portability is quite essential for pH monitoring in various environments and conditions [5]. Currently, pH sensors based on electrochemical [6], physical [7], and optical [8] mechanisms have been developed, among which the potentiometric method [9] based on electrochemical principles is widely used for pH sensing. However, the potentiometric pH sensors still have many disadvantages, which comprise difficulties in reference electrode miniaturization and potential instability during long-term operation.…”