Miniaturized laser-induced plasma spectrometry for planetary in situ analysis – The case for Jupiter’s moon Europa

Double-pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy with ambient gas in the vacuum ultraviolet: Optimization of parameters for detection of carbon and sulfur in steel

“…Several efforts have also been made to exploit the shorter wavelength ultraviolet (UV) or vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral regions. The potential of LIBS in the ultraviolet spectral region for steel analysis has been examined for terrestrial [29][30][31][32] and for space exploration applications [33][34][35][36][37]. The essential reason for choosing the short wavelength spectral range is that strong emission lines (often originating from charged ions rather than neutral atoms) are found in the short wavelength regions and higher emission intensities can lead to better ultimate detection limits.…”

Low‐level LIBS and Raman data fusion in the context of in situ Mars exploration

“…Here, the crushed samples will be analyzed at a fixed distance of ≈13 mm to the RLS window. In addition to these accepted and implemented instruments, there are plenty of proposals for LIBS (e.g., Pavlov et al()) and Raman (e.g., Wang et al() and Blacksberg et al()) single instruments as well as for combinations (e.g., previous works()) for exploring Mars and other celestial bodies.…”

Methods and measurements to assess physical and geochemical conditions at the surface of Europa

“…The technique of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) (see Pavlov et al, 2011) provides a quantitative elemental analysis of all major and many trace elements. It is a fast, i.e., an analysis can be performed in a few seconds, technique which can be applied to many different types of material such as ice, dust, or rocks and it does not require any sample preparation, except the maintaining of the laser focussing.…”