Minimally Invasive Removal of Leukotrichia and Hair Transplantation: A 2-Step Surgery in the Treatment of Stable Follicular Vitiligo

Abstract

Background: Follicular vitiligo is a distinct subtype of vitiligo characterized by the selective destruction of the follicular melanocytic reservoir. The treatment of follicular vitiligo-associated leukotrichia has always been a clinical challenge. Methods: Twenty participants with stable follicular vitiligo were recruited between 2020 to 2021 and accepted two-stage surgery. In stage one, an incision around the vitiligo lesion was performed to subcutaneously dissect and scrape the leukotrichia. In stage two, healthy follicles obtained from the occipital donor site were transplanted into the vitiligo area. Follow-up examinations were conducted for a year postoperatively by the camera and dermatoscope to observe the growth state, the color and the surviving number of the transplanted hairs. Besides, the satisfaction of the patients was recorded to evaluate the potential surgical improvement. Results: Twenty patients with stable follicular vitiligo underwent two-stage surgery and their mean age was 29 years old. The transplanted hair grew with natural texture as expected. The average survival rate of the transplanted hair follicles was 93.8%. No recurrence of leukotrichia showed up in the recipient area. No complications were observed and the postoperative scars in the recipient area were entirely covered by black hair. All patients were satisfied with the resulting cosmetic appearance. Conclusions: Minimally invasive removal of leukotrichia combined with hair transplantation might be an appropriate surgical option for stable follicular vitiligo to create natural and stable pigmented hair.