Minimization of Grounding System Cost Using PSO, GAO, and HPSGAO Techniques

Abstract

In this paper, three meta-heuristic techniques have been developed to propose a safe and economic grounding system for the future power plant of Labreg situated in Khenchela city (400km east of Algiers). The corresponding algorithms have been elaborated using particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm optimization (GAO) and hybrid particle swarm genetic algorithm optimization (HPSGAO). The aim is to minimize the cost of the considered grounding system basing on the optimal decision of its construction and geometrical parameters in accordance with the security restrictions required by the ANSI/IEEE Std. 80-2000. A new mathematical model has been proposed for the cost function. This later includes number of conductors, conductor dimension, grid depth, number of rods, length of rods, total area of excavation and revetment. Results show that HPSGAO technique presents lower values of the cost than those obtained using GAO and PSO methods. The good accordance between HPSGAO technique safety parameters and CYMGrd code ones confirms the efficiency of proposed algorithms.

Incremental Granular Model Improvement Using Particle Swarm Optimization

“…The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a natural imitation algorithm based on social behavior patterns of biological communities rather than evolutionary mechanism of natural selection, as proposed by Kennedy and Eberhart [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. PSO is an algorithm for finding the optimal solution by mimicking the behavior habits of animals such as birds, fish, bees, and ants.…”

Designing of cost minimum substation grounding grid system using DE, SCA, and HDESCA techniques

“…The basic requirement of an electrical grounding system is to carry the fault current in to the ground without affecting the service continuity, ensure the safety of human and equipment [1]. The electromagnetic properties of homogeneous or multi‐layer soil and dimensions of grounding grid affect the safety parameters [2].…”

“…The proper designs always focus on safety limitations of grounding system like grounding system resistance, ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltage, and step voltage. Though the desired safety parameters of the designed grounding grids are within the value as described in standards, further investigation about the cost involved to implement the same is important [1]. Hence, purpose of grounding grid design is not only to fulfil the safety factors but also to reduce the planning and construction cost.…”

On Minimisation of Earthing System Touch Voltages

“…Other works are aimed on the optimization by minimising the total length of used ES horizontal and vertical conductors [5,6]. Some other researchers also included into the optimization the costs that are connected with the installation process, i.e., the excavation costs as well as the ES conductor material costs [5,7,8]. Another, quite a different approach to ES design optimisation can be found in [9,10].…”

“…The usage of some different objective functions has been described in the previous paragraph. However, in the case of the step direction function, the aforementioned papers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] mainly 3 of 15 use two different approaches or their combination. The first approach is by performing parametric analysis (i.e., sensitivity analysis).…”