Minimum Tillage and in situ Mulch Increasing the Population and Biomass of Earthworms Under Mung Bean Cultivation on Ultisol Soil

Abstract

Earthworms are important soil biota that can be used as an indicator of soil fertility. Soil tillage systems and application of organic mulch will affect the activity of earthworms. This research was aimed to study the effect of tillage systems and the application of in situ mulch, and their interactions on the population and the biomass of earthworms. The study was conducted from April to July 2017 at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in a factorial treatment with two factors. The first factor was the tillage system which consisted of the minimum tillage and the intensive tillage. The second factor was the application of in situ mulch, which consisted of the application of 0 Mg ha-1 or without mulch and the application of 5 Mg ha-1 in situ mulch.The data obtained were tested for homogeneity of variance with the Bartlett Test and its additivity with the Tukey Test. Data were further analyzed for the analysis of variance and for the LSD’s Test at the level of 5%. The relationship between soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil organic-C and soil pH with population and biomass earthworm was tested by correlation test. The results showed that the earthworm population and the earthworm biomass at 80 DAP in the minimum tillage was higher than that of the intensive tillage. The earthworm population for all detected planting stages (before tillage, 40 DAP and 80 DAP) with the of application of 5 Mg ha-1 in situ mulch was higher than that of the application of no mulch. There is no interaction between the tillage system and the application of in situ mulch at 0 DAP, 40 DAP, and 80 DAP. The genus of earthworms found in all treatment plots was genus Pheretima under the family of Megascolecidae.

Tillage Practices and Liming: Comparative Study of Soil Properties and Forage Corn Production

“…It was probably due to the higher CA soil moisture [19,53,54] than in the TA, 10.89 ± 0.72 and 9.93 ± 0.51%, respectively (Figure 4), and cover crop in the CA presented 0.24 ± 0.06 kg m −2 of Desmodium sp., which served as a food source for earthworms [19]. Analogously, the number of earthworms m −2 reported by McInga et al, Nurul Aini et al, and Birkás et al [18,53,55] in the CA soils was higher by 24, 17, and 52 earthworms m −2 , respectively, than in the TA soils, probably due to the elimination of tillage and the presence of crop stubble on the soil, conditions that provided a suitable abiotic environment for the development of earthworms [54].…”

“…It was probably due to the higher CA soil moisture [19,53,54] than in the TA, 10.89 ± 0.72 and 9.93 ± 0.51%, respectively (Figure 4), and cover crop in the CA presented 0.24 ± 0.06 kg m −2 of Desmodium sp., which served as a food source for earthworms [19]. Analogously, the number of earthworms m −2 reported by McInga et al, Nurul Aini et al, and Birkás et al [18,53,55] in the CA soils was higher by 24, 17, and 52 earthworms m −2 , respectively, than in the TA soils, probably due to the elimination of tillage and the presence of crop stubble on the soil, conditions that provided a suitable abiotic environment for the development of earthworms [54]. The earthworm population with hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and bulk density (Bd) showed a negative and positive correlation (r = −0.93 and r = 0.43), respectively, probably due to a certain population of "soil compacting earthworm species" such as Millsonia anomala Omodeo and Vaillaud, normally found in the Peruvian Amazon [51], which could increase Bd and decrease Ks.…”

Abundance and biomass of earthworm as affected by long-term different types of soil tillage and fertilization on mungbean plantation at Ultisols

“…The presence of earthworms will also fertilize the soil, however some researchers report that earthworms are easy to change with practice of soil tillage [4] As a bioindicators, the abundance and biomass of organisms in soils, especially earthworms, are strongly influenced by soil management. In general trend, conservation tillage, as consist of no tillage and minimum tillage, tends to increase abundance of earthworm [5], [6]. The results of Sembiring [7] tillage system had a significant effect on the population and earthworms biomass in the land after fallowing for more than 10 years concluded that the abundance and biomass of earthworms in no-tillage and minimum tillage treatments compared to intensif tillage.…”