“…In the electronic countermeasure environment, when an aircraft target flies in the atmosphere, its dynamic characteristics are very complex due to the uncertain manoeuvring characteristics, which cannot be accurately described by only one possible target trajectory pattern [30, 31]. Besides, the UI and systematic biases always exist in the process of manoeuvring target tracking due to the atmospheric turbulence, sensor drifts, faults, and deception jamming [32]. Therefore, a class of hybrid target tracking systems with the UI and systematic biases is expressed as follows:where represents the target tracking system state at time , is the dimension of the state , and is the UI.…”