Mining Law: In Search of Sustainable Mining

Monteiro, Nathalie Barbosa Reis; Bezerra, Ana Keuly Luz; Neto, José Machado Moita; Silva, Elaine Aparecida da

doi:10.3390/su13020867

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thus, this confirms that corporate adherence to environmental law is motivated by commitment rather than deterrence [37,39]. However, improving the implementation of laws may help to increase the awareness of the JPMC management, since integrated law and regulation enhances the mining industry's compliance with the environmental laws [47]. Additionally, recent reviews of the environmental impacts of mining operations emphasized the importance of allocating more resources to environmental law enforcement [48,49].…”

Section: Jpmc Employeesmentioning

confidence: 54%

The Role of the Law in Prompting Environmental Stewardship for Farms Located Near Phosphate Mines

Banikhalid,

Rahbeh

2024

Sustainability

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The effectiveness of environmental laws depends on several factors, including the cooperation between the stakeholders, compliance, and implementation. This research investigated the effectiveness of the Jordanian environmental laws in protecting agricultural lands near phosphate mines that are operated by the Jordanian Phosphate Mining Corporation (JPMC). The two other stakeholders involved are the Ministry of Environment (MOENV) and the farmers. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the environmental law was based on a hypothetical model that considers consecutive relations between awareness, commitment, and compliance. A second model was based on monitoring and enforcement as catalysts to the awareness and commitment that lead to compliance. The research problem was addressed using three questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale. The results showed modest compliance by the farmers and the absence of a correlation between awareness and commitment, as well as a lack of monitoring by the MOENV. The consecutive model can explain the compliance of the JPMC, since awareness, commitment, and compliance were well correlated despite the lack of managerial involvement by the JPMC in enhancing environmental awareness. It is recommended that more resources be allocated to increase the monitoring activities by the MOENV and study the social and economic factors influencing farmers’ compliance.

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Section: Jpmc Employeesmentioning

confidence: 54%

The Role of the Law in Prompting Environmental Stewardship for Farms Located Near Phosphate Mines

Banikhalid,

Rahbeh

2024

Sustainability

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“…This legislation imposes both criminal and administrative measures on those who fail to comply with mining and environmental regulations. This legal instrument is crucial primarily for its ability to promote the regulation and supervision of mining activity in the country and encourage sustainable and responsible practices in the mining industry [77]. Despite the existence of this legal tool, there has not been a significant decrease in illegal mining in the country due to weak law enforcement, influenced by technicians' fear of violence associated with illegal gold mining practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks to Human Health from Mercury in Gold Mining in the Coastal Region of Ecuador

Mestanza-Ramón,

Jiménez-Oyola,

Cedeño-Laje

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) plays a crucial role in global gold production. However, the adoption of poor mining practices or the use of mercury (Hg) in gold recovery processes has generated serious environmental contamination events. The focus of this study is assessing the concentration of Hg in surface waters within the coastal region of Ecuador. The results are used to conduct a human health risk assessment applying deterministic and probabilistic methods, specifically targeting groups vulnerable to exposure in affected mining environments. Between April and June 2022, 54 water samples were collected from rivers and streams adjacent to mining areas to determine Hg levels. In the health risk assessment, exposure routes through water ingestion and dermal contact were considered for both adults and children, following the model structures outlined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The results indicate elevated Hg concentrations in two of the five provinces studied, El Oro and Esmeraldas, where at least 88% and 75% of the samples, respectively, exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) set by Ecuadorian regulations for the preservation of aquatic life. Furthermore, in El Oro province, 28% of the samples exceeded the MPL established for drinking water quality. The high concentrations of Hg could be related to illegal mining activity that uses Hg for gold recovery. Regarding the human health risk assessment, risk values above the safe exposure limit were estimated. Children were identified as the most vulnerable receptor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish effective regulations that guarantee the protection of river users in potentially contaminated areas. Finally, it is important to continue investigating the contamination caused by human practices in the coastal region.

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“…The environmentally responsible development of mineral resources is vital for the mining industry [61]. It is essential to consider the regulations and laws that guide the activities to be developed in an environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable way to promote sustainable development in favor of protecting the soil and land [62].…”

Section: Mining-environmental Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment of Mining Environmental Liabilities for Their Categorization and Prioritization in Gold-Mining Areas of Ecuador

et al. 2022

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Mining environmental liabilities (MEL) are of great concern because of potential risks to ecosystems and human health. In this research, the environmental risk (RI) related to MEL existing in three artisanal and small-scale gold-mining areas of Ecuador was evaluated. For this purpose, data of 167 MEL including landfills, mining galleries, tailing deposits, and mineral processing plants from Macuchi, Tenguel–Ponce Enriquez, and Puyango mining areas, were analyzed. The risk assessment related to the presence of waste deposits was carried out based on the methodology proposed by the Spanish Geological Survey. Moreover, the procedure outlined in the Environmental Risk Assessment Guide of the Ministry of Environment of Peru for nonwaste deposits was applied. The highest RI values were identified in Puyango and Tenguel–Ponce Enriquez. Thus, they were both categorized as priority control areas requiring intervention and rehabilitation plans. The MEL that require a high level of intervention include waste deposits and mine entrances associated with potentially toxic elements. Moreover, the point risk maps showed that rivers in the studied areas have a potential pollution risk. This study provides risk levels associated with MEL in mining areas from Ecuador. This information could be used for environmental management and pollution mitigation.

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Mining Law: In Search of Sustainable Mining

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

The Role of the Law in Prompting Environmental Stewardship for Farms Located Near Phosphate Mines

The Role of the Law in Prompting Environmental Stewardship for Farms Located Near Phosphate Mines

Risks to Human Health from Mercury in Gold Mining in the Coastal Region of Ecuador

Risk Assessment of Mining Environmental Liabilities for Their Categorization and Prioritization in Gold-Mining Areas of Ecuador

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