Minor physical anomalies in adolescents at risk for substance use and early sex

Tsai, Meng‐Che; Lee, Chih-Ting; Tsai, I-Ning; Gan, Shu‐Ting; Ye, Liang; Lin, Sheng‐Hsiang

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000011147

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, genetic effects are small, and did not survive corrections for multiple testing (25). Furthermore, it is known that most of the MPAs are not unique to pedophilia, autism, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or any other psychiatric disorder (145). To our knowledge, the question of which circumstances may result in which specific psychopathological signs is still under debate.…”

Section: Prenatal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Any Biomarkers for Pedophilia and Sexual Child Abuse? A Review

et al. 2020

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The use of biomarkers in medicine is a common and valuable approach in several clinical fields. Understanding the relationship between measurable biological processes and clinical outcomes not only is indispensable in the face of understanding physiological processes in healthy as well as in diseased organisms but also for understanding and evaluating treatment effects. Therefore, also in the context of forensic psychiatry, biomarkers and their potentially beneficial effects are of growing interest. The objective of this review is to examine if there are biomarkers that may serve as a tool to support diagnostic process, treatment evaluation, and risk assessment of pedophilic individuals and child sexual offenders. In the first part, we present an overview of the current neurobiological, as well as physiological and psychophysiological approaches to characterize pedophilia and child sexual offending. Secondly, we discuss and evaluate the impact of these approaches on the development of biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy, and risk assessment in pedophilic subjects and child sexual offenders. We conclude that a lot of research has already enhanced our neurobiological knowledge about pedophilia and child sexual offending. Although there surely exist promising parameters and approaches, in our view currently none of these is ready yet to serve as a clinically applicable diagnostic, response, or predictive biomarker for pedophilia and child sexual offending. Therefore, further work remains to be done. The development of a composite diagnostic biomarker to assess deviant sexual interest, combining several measures like functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, eye tracking, and behavioral approaches seems to be most promising. A valid and reliable measurement of deviant sexual interest, insensitive to manipulations could significantly support clinical diagnostic process. Similarly, regarding therapy evaluation and risk assessment, a composite biomarker to assess inhibitory control functions seems to be promising. Furthermore, the application of the Research Domain Criteria-approach, a new approach for investigating and classifying mental disorders, offers the possibility to take research to a new level.

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Section: Prenatal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Any Biomarkers for Pedophilia and Sexual Child Abuse? A Review

et al. 2020

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“…Certain MPAs were found to coexist with substance abuse and early sexual practice in a study on an adolescent cohort taken from a low economic background, however this study had many limitations (Tsai et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The majority of these conditions fall within the ICD-11 and DSM-5 category of "Neurodevelopmental disorders." Certain MPAs were found to coexist with substance abuse and early sexual practice in a study on an adolescent cohort taken from a low economic background, however this study had many limitations (Tsai et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Ectodermal disturbance in development shared by anorexia and schizophrenia may reflect neurodevelopmental abnormalities

Remberk

Niwiński²,

Brzóska-Konkol

et al. 2021

Brain and Behavior

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Minor physical abnormalities (MPA) are subtle dysmorphic features of bodily structures that have little or no impact on function. Most MPA develop during the first gestational trimester and are considered as important indicators of neuroectodermal deficiencies emerging during early brain development. A higher frequency of MPA was confirmed in schizophrenia patients and their relatives, when compared to controls.These findings are consistent with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.A neurodevelopmental component amongst other risk factors has also been recently proposed for anorexia nervosa (AN). The current study aimed to assess MPA frequency in adolescent inpatients with either schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) or AN as compared to healthy controls (HC). The Waldrop Scale was used for assessing MPA.The mean MPA total score and mean head subscore was significantly higher in both test groups than in HC. There were no statistically significant differences between SSD and AN groups. The MPA profile (not frequency) was similar in all three groups. This finding is consistent both with widely acknowledged neurodevelopmental schizophrenia hypothesis as well as with more recent neurodevelopmental model of AN. Nevertheless, the findings should not be overgeneralized and further studies are warranted.

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“…1,14 We invited a panel of experts in the field of adolescent medicine and development to evaluate the appropriateness of the questionnaire for use in local clinical and community settings. 15 A 3-point Likert scale was applied to rate the frequency of these behaviors from 1 (never) to 3 (always). The internal consistency represented by Cronbach a was 0.717 for these questions (Table S1).…”

Section: Youth Health Behavior Checklistmentioning

confidence: 99%