“…This process of pattern extraction is supported by a domain general learning mechanism: statistical learning, which is the ability of identifying structure and patterns based on distributional environmental information (Saffran et al, 1996;Frost et al, 2015). Statistical learning has been associated with a wide variety of cognitive skills and mechanisms, including reading (Arciuli and Simpson, 2012;Schmalz et al, 2019), language development (Weiss et al, 2010;Hsu and Bishop, 2014), language processing (Conway et al, 2010), computational thinking (Kandlhofer et al, 2019), music cognition (Pearce, 2018) and numerical cognition (Levy et al, 2020). The current study focuses on the role of statistical learning in lexical development, and tests how statistical learning and verbal short term memory skills contribute to vocabulary knowledge in typically developing children (Experiment 1) and children with developmental language disorder (Experiment 2).…”