“…The IRF3 reporter plasmids are composed of two plasmids, p-55UASGLuc and p-EFGAL4/IRF3 as described ( Zhang et al, 2012 ). Expression plasmids for HA-Ub WT, HA-K48 Ub, HA-K63 Ub, RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, TRIF, TBK1, IKK-ε, TRAF3, RIP1, IRF3, and IRF3 5D were described before ( Zhang et al, 2012 ; Huai et al, 2016 ). Target sequences for transient silencing were 5′-GGUCGAGACUCCAUCAUAA-3′ (siRNA 1); 5′-GGAACAAAGACUCCAUUUA-3′ (siRNA 2) and 5′-GCCCGACCAAGUUAUUAAA-3′ (siRNA 3) for UAF1; 5′-GGCAAGUUAUGAGCUUAUA-3′ (siRNA 1), 5′-CGGCAAGGUUGAAGAACAA-3′ (siRNA 2), and 5′-GGAGAGCUCUGAAAUUUCU-3′ (siRNA 3) for USP1; 5′-CCUAAUGACAGUCUCCAAA-3′ (siRNA 1), 5′-CCCAAGAAGUUCAUCACAA-3′ (siRNA 2), and 5′-GCUUAAGAGGGUUCAGUAA-3′ (siRNA 3) for USP12; 5′-GGGAACACUCACUAACGAA-3′ (siRNA 1), 5′-GCAUUACAUCACCAUCGUA-3′ (siRNA 2), and 5′-GCUCAAGCCAUUGAGGAAU-3′ (siRNA 3) for USP46; “scrambled” control sequences were 5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGU-3′.…”