miR‐32 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis by targeting CXXC5

Abstract

MicroRNA‐32 (miR‐32) functioned as a tumor oncogene in some cancer, which control genes involved in important biological and pathological functions and facilitate the tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of miR‐32 modulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) malignant transformation has not been clarified. Here, we focused on the function and the underlying molecular mechanism of miR‐32 in ESCC. Results discovered a significant increased expression of miR‐32 in ESCC tissues and cells. Downregulation of miR‐32 inhibited the migration, invasion, adhesion of ESCC cell lines (EC9706 and KYSE450), and the levels of EMT protein in vitro. In vivo, miR‐32 inhibitors decrease tumor size, tumor weight, and the number of metastatic nodules. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) results revealed that inhibition of miR‐32 attenuate lung metastasis. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assay showed increased level of E‐cadherin and decreased level of N‐cadherin and Vimentin with treatment of miR‐32 inhibitors. Furthermore, miR‐32 targeted the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of CXXC5, and inhibited the level of mRNA and protein of CXXC5. There is a negative correlation between the expressions of CXXC5 and miR‐32. Then, after EC9706 and KYSE450 cells cotransfected with si‐CXXC5 and miR‐32 inhibitors, the ability of cell migration, invasion, and adhesion was significantly reduced. In addition, the protein expression of EMT and TGF‐β signaling was also depressed. Collectively, these data supply an insight into the positive role of miR‐32 in ESCC progression and metastasis, and its biological effects may attribute the inhibition of TGF‐β signaling mediated by CXXC5.

miR‑613 suppresses migration and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the targeting of G6PD

“…Surgery alone remains the standard treatment for patients at the early stage (3). However, ESCC is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage, due to a lack of clinical diagnostic techniques (4). Lymph node metastasis occurs in ~40% of patients with ESCC, which results in poor prognosis (5).…”

The Dynamics of Chemical Reactions: Atomistic Visualizations of Organic Reactions, and Homage to van ’t Hoff

“…The average time gap between formation of two C−C bonds varies from 11 fs in the gas phase, to 17 fs in Truhlar's implicit solvent model (SMD), and to 25 fs in QM/MM calculations, indicative of the stabilization of dynamical zwitterionic species by explicit water molecules. We further tested the reaction with QM/QM′(PM3), which also shows the hydrogen bonding enhancement effects.…”

Negative regulation of CDK6 expression by microRNA‐126‐5p and its influence on the proliferation and invasion of esophageal cancer cells

“…In total, ~50% of the annotated miRNAs are located at fragile sites in the genome of the tumor, indicating that miRNAs play a vital role in the process of cancer (Mao et al, ). A higher expression has been reported for miR‐21, miR‐16, miR‐25, and miR‐199 in esophageal cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues, whereas a lower expression was found for miR‐133a, miR‐138, miR‐195, and miR‐200b (Liu et al, ; Zhang et al, ). The present study found a low expression of miR‐126‐5p in esophageal cancer tissues and cells, suggesting that miR‐126‐5p may play an important inhibitory role in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer as a tumor suppressor gene.…”