miRNA in Prostate Cancer: Challenges toward Translation

Abramović, Irena; Ulamec, Monika; Bojanac, Ana Katušić; Bulić-Jakuš, Floriana; Ježek, Davor; Sinčić, Nino

doi:10.2217/epi-2019-0275

Cited by 48 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(213 reference statements)

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“…Still, miRNAs as PCa biomarkers have many challenges that should be overcome before significant progress could be achieved. The most challenging, are the lack of widely accepted guidelines regarding sample processing and storage, experimental protocols, miRNA isolation and quantification, data analysis, and reliable miRNA for normalization [ 8 , 9 ]. Some of these challenges can be addressed by the use of digital droplet PCR (ddPCR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, miR-375-3p and miR-21-5p have already been under some interest as cancer biomarkers, but there are almost no data on seminal plasma expression in PCa patients. MiR-148a-3p and miR-182-5p in liquid biopsies as cancer biomarkers are still under research and greatly underestimated despite confirmed overexpression in PCa tissue [ 8 ]. Truly, these miRNAs represent a valuable target for research on PCa biomarkers especially in discriminating this malignancy from benign changes in prostate tissue like BHP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Abramović

Vrhovec

Škara

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm among men. Since it often resembles benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), biomarkers with a higher differential value than PSA are required. Epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsies, especially miRNA, could address this challenge. The absolute expression of miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-148a-3p were quantified in blood plasma and seminal plasma of 65 PCa and 58 BPH patients by digital droplet PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of these microRNAs were determined using ROC curve analysis. The higher expression of miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in the blood plasma of PCa patients was statistically significant as compared to BPH (p = 0.0363 and 0.0226, respectively). Their combination achieved a specificity of 90.2% for predicting positive or negative biopsy results, while PSA cut-off of 4 µg/L performed with only 1.7% specificity. In seminal plasma, miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-21-5p showed a statistically significantly higher expression in PCa patients with PSA >10 µg/L compared to ones with PSA ≤10 µg/L. MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in blood plasma show higher performance than PSA in discriminating PCa from BPH. Seminal plasma requires further investigation as it represents an obvious source for PCa biomarker identification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Abramović

Vrhovec

Škara

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…MicroRNAs are molecules which show promise as potential markers of poor prognosis among patients with malignancies. The latest advances in prostate cancer research showed diagnostic, prognostic and treatment utility of variety miRNA molecules measured in serum, plasma, ejaculate, tissue or urine [104][105][106][107][108]. Nonetheless, our study describes the significance of miRNAs involved in the EMT program for the first time, incorporating 1608 prostate cancer patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of microRNAs related to metastatic and EMT process among prostate cancer patients

et al. 2021

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The ability of tumor cells to spread from their origin place and form secondary tumor foci is determined by the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process. In epithelial tumors such as prostate cancer (PCa), the loss of intercellular interactions can be observed as a change in expression of polarity proteins. Epithelial cells acquire ability to migrate, what leads to the formation of distal metastases. In recent years, the interest in miRNA molecules as potential future treatment options has increased. In tumor microenvironment, miRNAs have the ability to regulate signal transduction pathways, where they can act as suppressors or oncogenes. MiRNAs are secreted by cancer cells, and the changes in their expression levels are closely related to a cancer progression, including epithelial–mesenchymal transition. These molecules offer new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Therapeutics which make use of synthesized RNA fragments and mimic or block miRNAs affected in PCa, may lead to inhibition of tumor progression and even disease re-emission. Based on appropriate qualification criteria, we conducted a selection process to identify scientific articles describing miRNAs and their relation to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in PCa patients. The studies were published in English on Pubmed, Scopus and the Web of Science before August 08, 2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as well as total Gleason score were used to assess the concordance between miRNAs and presence of metastases. A total of 13 studies were included in our meta-analysis, representing 1608 PCa patients and 15 miRNA molecules. Our study clarifies a relationship between the clinicopathological features of PCa and the aberrant expression of several miRNA as well as the complex mechanism of miRNA molecules involvement in the induction and promotion of the metastatic mechanism in PCa.

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“…There is a rationale behind this selection. A thorough review of the available studies regarding circulating miRNAs as biomarkers in a specific type of cancer often reveals inconsistent and heterogeneous results [8,214,215]. However, the strengths and weaknesses of the research should be carefully analyzed to identify those studies that provide reliable data or those with better odds for future clinical application.…”

Section: Perspective On Extracellular Mirnas As Cancer Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular MicroRNAs as Intercellular Mediators and Noninvasive Biomarkers of Cancer

Ortiz‐Quintero

2020

Cancers

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are released by different types of cells through highly regulated mechanisms under normal and pathological conditions. These extracellular miRNAs can be delivered into recipient cells for functional purposes, acting as cell-to-cell signaling mediators. It has been discovered that cancer cells release miRNAs into their surroundings, targeting normal cells or other cancer cells, presumably to promote tumor development and progression. These extracellular miRNAs are associated with oncogenic mechanisms and, because they can be quantified in blood and other bodily fluids, may be suitable noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection. This review summarizes recent evidence of the role of extracellular miRNAs as intercellular mediators, with an emphasis on their role in the mechanisms of tumor development and progression and their potential value as biomarkers in solid tumors. It also highlights the biological characteristics of extracellular miRNAs that enable them to function as regulators of gene expression, such as biogenesis, gene silencing mechanisms, subcellular compartmentalization, and the functions and mechanisms of release.

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miRNA in Prostate Cancer: Challenges toward Translation

Cited by 48 publications

References 121 publications

MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognostic significance of microRNAs related to metastatic and EMT process among prostate cancer patients

Extracellular MicroRNAs as Intercellular Mediators and Noninvasive Biomarkers of Cancer

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