Mis- and disinformation in a bounded confidence model

Douven, Igor; Hegselmann, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.artint.2020.103415

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Another factor that has a very negative impact on democracy and internal security of the state is the uncontrolled spread of fake news and disinformation [5]. Manipulative disinformation campaigns usually focus on shaping public opinion or on trends in foreign electoral interference.…”

Section: Findings From Expert Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of the Effects of Restrictive Measures on the Democratic Foundations of a State

TUŠER¹,

POTŮČEK²,

HOŠKOVÁ-MAYEROVÁ³

2022

Challenges to National Defence in Contemporary Geopolitical Situation

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The regional and local impacts of the restrictive measures taken to mitigate the covid-19 crisis are highly heterogeneous and have significant consequences for the efficiency of society’s functioning, the emergency management of the state administration, and the political responses of the governing parties. The paper deals with the assessment of threats and risks resulting from the restrictive measures of the government as part of the solution to the pandemic crisis situation in the Czech Republic (CR). The aim of the authors is to identify the most serious threats and risks that can affect the democracy and internal security of the CR during a pandemic and to propose recommendations for their mitigation. To assess the defined threats and risks, a point semi-quantitative method was used, working with values for probability, impact and the opinion of evaluators, called the PCE method (Probability, Consequences, Evaluator). Out of the twenty assessed threats, a group of evaluators identified the eight most serious ones, using the PCE method.

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Section: Findings From Expert Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of the Effects of Restrictive Measures on the Democratic Foundations of a State

TUŠER¹,

POTŮČEK²,

HOŠKOVÁ-MAYEROVÁ³

2022

Challenges to National Defence in Contemporary Geopolitical Situation

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“…For ease of reference, we refer by the capital letters A, B, C, D, E, and F to certain regions of the parameter space, as they are partitioned by the black lines (two vertical, one horizontal). 17 The analysis presented here is extended in Douven and Hegselmann (2020).…”

Section: A Bunch Of Surprising Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Sociology of Trust and Cooperation

2020

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What kinds of behavioral or motivational assumptions are appropriate if "legislators" want to design "good" social institutions or constitutions? David Hume's famous advice has been to follow the maxim "that every man must be supposed a knave: Though at the same time, it appears somewhat strange, that a maxim should be true in politics, which is false in fact." Notice that Hume as well as Adam Smith both argued that humans sometimes and under certain conditions empirically act in accordance with a principle of "sympathy", that is, they are able and willing to take the roles of their interaction partners and identify with their respective interests. Nevertheless, legislators who try to construct efficient social institutions should not assume that such pro-social motives prevail. In contemporary constitutional economics James Buchanan has endorsed Hume's maxim with regard to the design of basic societal institutions: "Homo economicus, the rational, selforiented maximizer of contemporary economic theory, is, we believe, the appropriate model of human behavior for use in evaluating the workings of different institutional orders" (Brennan and Buchanan 1985: 61). The paper evaluates the Hume-Buchanan doctrine in the light of empirical evidence and theoretical insights with respect to social preferences and intrinsic motivations.

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“…I was wrong about that” [ 1 ]. This is a good overview of the surprise that the unprecedented connectivity among people—primarily driven by various internet-based social media platforms in the early 21st century—brought us unprecedented factions, dissension and fake news [ 2 , 3 ], instead of agreement and conciliation [ 4 , 5 ]. The reasons behind these phenomena are diverse and manifold and, accordingly, are the subject of the most diverse scientific fields from history [ 6 ] through sociology [ 7 ] to computational social science [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion Polarization in Human Communities Can Emerge as a Natural Consequence of Beliefs Being Interrelated

Zafeiris

2022

Entropy

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The emergence of opinion polarization within human communities—the phenomenon that individuals within a society tend to develop conflicting attitudes related to the greatest diversity of topics—has been a focus of interest for decades, both from theoretical and modelling points of view. Regarding modelling attempts, an entire scientific field—opinion dynamics—has emerged in order to study this and related phenomena. Within this framework, agents’ opinions are usually represented by a scalar value which undergoes modification due to interaction with other agents. Under certain conditions, these models are able to reproduce polarization—a state increasingly familiar to our everyday experience. In the present paper, an alternative explanation is suggested along with its corresponding model. More specifically, we demonstrate that by incorporating the following two well-known human characteristics into the representation of agents: (1) in the human brain beliefs are interconnected, and (2) people strive to maintain a coherent belief system; polarization immediately occurs under exposure to news and information. Furthermore, the model accounts for the proliferation of fake news, and shows how opinion polarization is related to various cognitive biases.

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Mis- and disinformation in a bounded confidence model

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

Risks of the Effects of Restrictive Measures on the Democratic Foundations of a State

Risks of the Effects of Restrictive Measures on the Democratic Foundations of a State

Advances in the Sociology of Trust and Cooperation

Opinion Polarization in Human Communities Can Emerge as a Natural Consequence of Beliefs Being Interrelated

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