Mis on peidus sõnaraamatu tähendussoovituste tagahoovis? Eesti omasõnade käsitlus

Abstract

Vabariiklikus õigekeelsuskomisjonis arutati 1980. aastal, et eesti üldkeele omasõnade tähendusi ei ole võimalik ega vajalik normida. Sellegipoolest jätkati keelekorralduses õigekeelsussõnaraamatu kaudu osade sõnatähenduste ebasobivaks pidamist (ÕS 1999) ja nende kohta soovituste andmist (ÕS 2006–2018). Artiklis kirjeldan ÕS 2018-s eesti omasõnade tähenduste kohta antud soovituste analüüsi tulemusi, tuginedeskasutuspõhisele keeleteooriale, mille järgi sõnatähendused kujunevad keelekasutuses. Oleme EKI-s võtnud seisukoha, et EKI ühendsõnastikus üksnes kirjeldame tähendusi, mitte ei hinda neid heaks ega halvaks. Sellegipoolest otsivad paljud keelenõuküsijad ja (õigekeelsus)sõnaraamatu kasutajad vastust küsimusele, mis on keeles õige ja vale, hea ja halb. Artiklis arutlen, kas ja kuidas saab keelekorralduses sõnatähenduste kohtasoovitusi anda.
 Abstract. Lydia Risberg: Recommendations for the meanings of Estonian words – necessary or not? The National Orthology Commission discussed in 1980 that there should be no norms for the meanings of Estonian words in the Estonian standard language, but the Estonian corpus planning continued to label some meanings as inappropriate and gave recommendations for meanings in the Dictionary of Standard Estonian (DSE 1999–2018). But the Dictionary of Standard Estonian and the Explanatory Dictionary of Estonian do not create word meanings – the meanings of words are formed in the use of language and dictionaries only describe the usage. The new EKI Combined Dictionary (since 2020) only describes meanings, there is no evaluation whether the meaning is good or bad. This article explains why the meanings of Estonian words cannot be standardised in general language and the recommendations for the meanings of Estonian words are not necessary.

Recommendations for the meanings of words by Estonian language planning – justified and necessary, or not?

“…German Duden -Rechtschreibung der deutschen Sprache und der Fremdwörter was an example for the Estonian dictionary (Paet & Risberg 2021: 968;Erelt 2007b: 5). Nevertheless, at that time, since the standard language was still being developed, language planners tried to standardize every other language area as well, including the meanings of words (see Risberg & Langemets 2023).…”

“…Different questions have been raised in these discussions (e.g., whether the principles of Estonian language planning should be reconsidered and how strict the rules of Standard Estonian should be), but one of the most frequently raised questions concerns the changing meanings of words. Meanings have been particularly in the center of attention in the discussions because there are many research papers and popular science articles published on this topic in Estonia in recent years (see L. Raadik 2020; Risberg & Langemets 2021;Paet & Risberg 2021;Risberg 2022a;Risberg 2022b; radio show Keelesäuts 1 ). The purpose of these papers was to examine why Estonian language planning has provided recommendations for the meanings of words and whether such activity is justified and necessary.…”

“…A young PhD student was publicly criticized for several weeks for not knowing the "correct" meaning of this word on a TV interview (e.g., see Vaino 2023). This is not an isolated incident; generalizations on the decline of Estonian language standards have been made before, based solely on a few example words (see Risberg & Langemets 2023).…”

“…Hence, linguists may know how language works, its dynamics, and how word meanings change, but it is not always common knowledge among language editors, teachers, the general public -those accustomed to regarding dictionary descriptions, especially in prescriptive dictionaries, as rules (see also Risberg & Langemets 2023;Lindström, Risberg & Plado 2023). Thus, it is important to bring knowledge about the nature of the meanings of words to a wider audience.…”

Eesti keeleteaduse ja keelekorralduse areng verbirektsiooni näitel. (Vaateid eesti keelekorralduse arenguloole)

“…Eesti keelekorraldus on oma pika ajaloo 1 vältel lahendanud üsna erinevaid üles andeid. Kui eelmise sajandi algul tegeleti ennekõike murrete põhjal ühtse kirjakeele loomisega ja selle kodifitseerimisega (ühiste normingute loomisega; vt Plado 2022;Kasik 2011;Tauli 1938;Tuglas 1932), siis hilisematel perioodidel on tege letud ka normingute ja soovituste ülevaatamisega ning nende ajakohasuse küsimu sega (vt nt EKI teatmik: Keelekorralduse teisenemine; EKI teatmik: Mis on muu tunud; Erelt 2002: 224-250;Risberg, Langemets 2021;Paet, Risberg 2021;Risberg 2021Risberg , 2022Paet 2022aPaet , 2022b.…”