Miscellaneous Pesticides

Knowles, Charles O.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-334163-1.50010-3

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Toxicologic uncertainties include mammalian toxicities to combinations of piperonyl butoxide and adulticides and to inert ingredients in the formulated products. The addition of piperonyl butoxide to the adulticides increases the mosquito toxicity of the pyrethroids approximately 10-fold, but mammalian toxicity is not likely to be proportionally increased ( Knowles 1991 ). Even if mammalian toxicity were increased 10-fold to the pyrethroids, RQs would still be well below levels of concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human-Health Risk Assessment for West Nile Virus and Insecticides Used in Mosquito Management

Peterson

Macedo

Davis

2006

Environ Health Perspect

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West Nile virus (WNV) has been a major public health concern in North America since 1999, when the first outbreak in the Western Hemisphere occurred in New York City. As a result of this ongoing disease outbreak, management of mosquitoes that vector WNV throughout the United States and Canada has necessitated using insecticides in areas where they traditionally have not been used or have been used less frequently. This has resulted in concerns by the public about the risks from insecticide use. The objective of this study was to use reasonable worst-case risk assessment methodologies to evaluate human-health risks for WNV and the insecticides most commonly used to control adult mosquitoes. We evaluated documented health effects from WNV infection and determined potential population risks based on reported frequencies. We determined potential acute (1-day) and subchronic (90-day) multiroute residential exposures from each insecticide for several human subgroups during a WNV disease outbreak scenario. We then compared potential insecticide exposures to toxicologic and regulatory effect levels. Risk quotients (RQs, the ratio of exposure to toxicologic effect) were < 1.0 for all subgroups. Acute RQs ranged from 0.0004 to 0.4726, and subchronic RQs ranged from 0.00014 to 0.2074. Results from our risk assessment and the current weight of scientific evidence indicate that human-health risks from residential exposure to mosquito insecticides are low and are not likely to exceed levels of concern. Further, our results indicate that, based on human-health criteria, the risks from WNV exceed the risks from exposure to mosquito insecticides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Human-Health Risk Assessment for West Nile Virus and Insecticides Used in Mosquito Management

Peterson

Macedo

Davis

2006

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Control of house dust mites depends primarily on multiple applications of chemicals, such as γ-benzene hexachloride (γ-BHC), benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet), natamycin, pirimiphos-methyl, pyrethrin, and pyrethroids (permethrin and S-bioallethrin) (1,2,6). Repeated use of these acaricides has resulted in resistance (7) and undesirable effects on nontarget organisms and fosters serious human health concerns (2,8). These problems substantiate the need for selective control alternatives for house dust mites, particularly for compounds with fumigant action for ease of application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricidal Activity ofPaeonia suffruticosaRoot Bark-Derived Compounds againstDermatophagoides farinaeandDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

Kim

Tak

Ahn

2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The acaricidal activities of materials derived from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa against adults of Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were examined using direct contact and fumigation bioassays and compared with those of benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet), widely used acaricides. The active constituents of Paeonia root bark were identified as paeonol and benzoic acid by spectroscopic analyses. On the basis of 24-h LD50 values, the acaricidal activities of paeonol (7.82 microg/cm3) and benzoic acid (6.58 microg/cm3) against adult D. farinae were comparable to that of benzyl benzoate (7.72 microg/cm3) but higher than those of deet (36.34 microg/cm3) and dibutyl phthalate (33.92 microg/cm3). Against adult D. pteronyssinus, the acaricidal activities of paeonol (7.08 microg/cm3) and benzyl benzoate (7.22 microg/cm3) were comparable to that of benzyl benzoate (7.14 microg/cm3). Deet and dibutyl phthalate were less effective. In fumigation tests with both mite species, paeonol and benzoic acid were much more effective in closed containers than open ones, indicating that the effect of these compounds was largely a result of action in the vapor phase. Neither benzyl benzoate, deet, nor dibutyl phthalate exhibited fumigant toxicity. Paeonia root bark-derived materials, particularly paeonol and benzoic acid, merit further study as potential acaricides or lead compounds for the control of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus.

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“…The most commonly used mosquito repellent is N,N-diethyl-mtoluamide (deet), which is still the most effective. However, this compound has many problems, such as its unpleasant odor and the damage it can cause on certain plastics and synthetic rubber, as well as its high skin penetration (9,10). These problems have highlighted the need for the development of new strategies for selective mosquito control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent Activity of Constituents Identified in Foeniculum vulgare Fruit against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Kim

Chang

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The repellent activity of materials derived from the methanol extract of fruits from Foeniculum vulgareagainst hungry Aedes aegypti females was examined using skin and patch tests and compared with that of the commercial N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid. The biologically active constituents of the Foeniculum fruits were characterized as (+)-fenchone and (E)-9-octadecenoic acid by spectroscopic analyses. Responses varied according to compound, dose, and exposure time. In a skin test with female mosquitoes, at a dose of 0.4 mg/cm(2), (+)-fenchone and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid exhibited moderate repellent activity at 30 min after treatment, whereas deet provided >1 h of protection against adult mosquitoes at 0.2 mg/cm(2). (Z)-9-Octadecenoic acid was a more potent repellent agent than (E)-9-octadecenoic acid. (+)-Fenchone and (E)-9-octadecenoic acid merit further study as potential mosquito repellent agents or as lead compounds.

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Miscellaneous Pesticides

Cited by 7 publications

References 211 publications

A Human-Health Risk Assessment for West Nile Virus and Insecticides Used in Mosquito Management

A Human-Health Risk Assessment for West Nile Virus and Insecticides Used in Mosquito Management

Acaricidal Activity ofPaeonia suffruticosaRoot Bark-Derived Compounds againstDermatophagoides farinaeandDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Acari: Pyroglyphidae)

Repellent Activity of Constituents Identified in Foeniculum vulgare Fruit against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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