Miscellaneous phenols in foods and beverages - nature, occurrence and dietary burden

Clifford, Michael N.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<1126::aid-jsfa604>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 68 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…There remain some for which no data are available, the transformed anthocyanins (pyranoanthocyanins) of red wines, plus some minor dietary components such as algal phlorotannins, alkyl resorcinols, urushiols, cardanols and anacardic acids, naphthoquinones and anthraquinones, coumarins, isocoumarins and furanocoumarins [63]. The second group are those substrates associated with unique catabolites, and the third group consists of some structurally diverse substrates that nevertheless yield essentially the same set of catabolites, this latter group predominating (see Figs.…”

Section: Conversion Of Polyphenols By the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Williamson

Clifford

2017

Biochemical Pharmacology

271

172

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Please cite this article as: G. Williamson, M.N. Clifford, Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols, Biochemical Pharmacology (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j. bcp.2017.03.012 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of in the small intestine, or reaches the colon and is subject to extensive catabolism by colonic microbiota. Untransformed substrates may be absorbed, appearing in plasma primarily as methylated, sulfated and glucuronidated derivatives, with in some cases the unchanged substrate. Many of the catabolites are well absorbed from the colon and appear in the plasma either similarly conjugated, or as glycine conjugates, or in some cases unchanged.Although many (poly)phenol catabolites have been identified in human plasma and / or urine, the pathways from substrate to final catabolite, and the species of bacteria and enzymes involved, are still scarcely reported. While it is clear that the composition of the human gut microbiota can be modulated in vivo by supplementation with some (poly)phenol-rich commodities, such modulation is definitely not an inevitable consequence of supplementation, it depends on the treatment, length of time and on the individual metabotype, and it is not clear whether the modulation is sustained when supplementation ceases. Some catabolites have been recorded in plasma of volunteers at concentrations similar to those shown to be effective in in vitro studies suggesting that some benefit may be achieved in vivo by diets yielding such catabolites. and are also present at high levels in supplements [4], and form essential components of many Chinese medicines [5]. A study within the European Prospective Investigation intoCancer and Nutrition (EPIC) using the Phenol Explorer database reported that the cohort studied consumed 427 different polyphenols including 94 that were consumed at a rate of >1 g/day. The estimated total polyphenol consumption ranged from 584 mg/day by Greek women to 1786 mg/day for men in Aarhus-Denmark. The corresponding data for Greek men and for Aarhus women were 744 mg/day and 1626 mg/ day, respectively, with all data adjusted for age and weighted by season and weekday of dietary recall [6]. This study defined the major contributors to be the phenolic acids (predominantly the caffeoylquinic acids (27-53%), also called chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (predominantly flavanols (16-29%), proanthocyanidins (5-9%) and theaflavins (14-25%)) [6]. Hydroxybenzoic acids (3.3-7.4%), alkyl-phenols (1.6...

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Section: Conversion Of Polyphenols By the Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Williamson

Clifford

2017

Biochemical Pharmacology

271

172

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“…Phenylpropanoids occur in essential oils less frequently and usually less abundantly than terpenoids [1,20,58,87]. However, some of the oils in which phenylpropanoids do occur contain significant proportions of them, such as the eugenol in clove oil, present at 70 to 90% of the oil [88], or the methyleugenol-rich chemotype of the root essential oil of Anemopsis californica, or yerba mansa, containing 59% methyleugenol [89].…”

Section: Phenylpropanoids In Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Bioactivity of Essential Oils

Carson

Hammer

2010

Lipids and Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents

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“…2 Phenolic acids (PHA) are aromatic secondary plant metabolites, wide spread throughout the plant kingdom. 3,4 Tannic, feluic, gallic, caffeic and sinapic acids are some examples of these simple compounds. 2 Some fruit and vegetables are classified as functional foods or nutraceuticals, owing to their established healthful protective effects because of some of their components, including PHA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Phenolic acids are present in fruit, vegetables, grains, coffees, teas and spices, among other plants; 5 their content, expressed as catechin equivalents, varies from traces to 0.39 g kg −1 . 3,4 PHA are linked to a significant negative association with stomach cancer incidence 7 and tumour growth. 8 PHA also exhibit antimutagenic effect against aflatoxin B 1 9 and benzo(a)pyrene and 1-nitropyrene, 10 and exhibit an antioxidant effect which is linked with the inhibition of oxidative damage diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke and cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) phenolics

et al. 2004

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There is an increasing awareness and interest in the antioxidant behaviour and potential health benefits of phenolic acids. The identification of novel sources of phenolic acids has been also of scientific interest. Cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) pods are known to be a good source of 'tannins', the name by which industry in Mexico recognizes phenolic extract. Phenolics were determined as gallic acid equivalents g −1 . The antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin B 1 and the antioxidant activity, using two different methods, of the extract were also evaluated. Gallic acid accounts for almost 90% of the phenolic extract of cascalote, the remaining 10% was tannic acid. Antimutagenic activity of cascalote phenolics was dose-dependent, showing an inhibition level of 64.42% at the highest dose assayed. Antioxidant and antiradical activities were also dose-dependent. The highest antioxidant activity showed by cascalote phenolics was 73.5%, higher than that of Trolox. The highest antiradical activity of cascalote phenolics was 75.3%, higher than that of BHT and Trolox. Cascalote pods are an outstanding source of gallic and tannic acids.

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Miscellaneous phenols in foods and beverages - nature, occurrence and dietary burden

Cited by 68 publications

References 128 publications

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Role of the small intestine, colon and microbiota in determining the metabolic fate of polyphenols

Chemistry and Bioactivity of Essential Oils

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) phenolics

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