There is an increasing awareness and interest in the antioxidant behaviour and potential health benefits of phenolic acids. The identification of novel sources of phenolic acids has been also of scientific interest. Cascalote (Caesalpinia cacalaco) pods are known to be a good source of 'tannins', the name by which industry in Mexico recognizes phenolic extract. Phenolics were determined as gallic acid equivalents g −1 . The antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin B 1 and the antioxidant activity, using two different methods, of the extract were also evaluated. Gallic acid accounts for almost 90% of the phenolic extract of cascalote, the remaining 10% was tannic acid. Antimutagenic activity of cascalote phenolics was dose-dependent, showing an inhibition level of 64.42% at the highest dose assayed. Antioxidant and antiradical activities were also dose-dependent. The highest antioxidant activity showed by cascalote phenolics was 73.5%, higher than that of Trolox. The highest antiradical activity of cascalote phenolics was 75.3%, higher than that of BHT and Trolox. Cascalote pods are an outstanding source of gallic and tannic acids.

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Las fresas son frutos con una vida de anaquel corta debido a su elevada pérdida de humedad y a la sensibilidad al ataque de microorganismos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de los recubrimientos de quitosano adicionados con el extracto acuoso de hoja de Moringa oleifera en las propiedades fisicoquímicas. El extracto acuoso de hoja de Moringa se obtuvo mediante el método de extracción por ultrasonificación y microondas asistida. Se ensayaron dos formulaciones como recubrimientos y un control. Los parámetros evaluados fueron; pérdida de peso, pH, acidez titulable, sólidos solubles totales, índice de sabor y color (Hue, L* y croma). El método de extracción por ultrasonido y microondas es eficaz para evitar el uso de solventes y reducir el tiempo de extracción. Los recubrimientos aplicados mejoraron el índice de sabor y disminuyeron los valores de acidez titulable (AT) mejorando así, la dulzura de la fresa.

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Objectives: Sodium/proton (Na+/H+) antiporters NuoL/MrpA-like proteins are important in monovalent cations homeostasis, ATP synthesis, are involved in growth using low concentrations of acetate, and in management of protons during methane production. To learn more about the evolutive origin and biological relevance of this protein, in this work a phylogenetic analysis of the NuoL/MrpA superfamily of proteins was done. Methodology: Phylogeny reconstruction was done with 596 NuoL/MrpA proteins and 39 MrpD-NuoM/N proteins. The algorithms used were minimum evolution and maximum likelihood, using MEGA program. Additionally, a conserved domain analysis was done. Contribution: NuoL/MrpA superfamily and their homologous proteins, MrpD-NuoM/N, form two paralogous groups. The NuoL/MrpA superfamily consists of two families. Family NuoL consist of arqueal, bacterial and eukaryotic proteins of around 600 aa in size. Family MrpA are formed by proteins from bacteria and archaea, with a 600 to 850 aa in size. Using the phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis, a superfamily NuoL/MrpA evolution model was proposed.