Miscibility of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) blends by transesterification

Ihm, Dae Woo; Park, Soo Young; Chang, Cheol Gyu; Kim, Yoon Sung; Lee, Hwan Kwang

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199610)34:14<2841::aid-pola1>3.3.co;2-0

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Melt mixing of PET and PEN results in the formation of block copolymers by means of transesterification 1–19. Generally, transesterification reactions in molten blends of polyesters may advance via two various chemical pathways – inner‐inner or inner‐outer 25.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This effect allows a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the transreactions conversion. For the instance of a transesterified PET/PEN blend the following equations were derived:4,9,13 In Equation (1) and (2), I TET , I NEN , and I TEN are the integral intensities of the 1 H NMR signals of the corresponding triads; $L_{\rm n}^{{\rm PET}}$ and $L_{\rm n}^{{\rm PEN}}$ represent the number‐average sequence lengths of the PET and PEN segments, respectively, and B is the degree of randomness as defined by Yamadera et al26…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degree of transesterification was estimated from the 1 H NMR spectra employing a method well known by art 4,9,13. Samples were taken from each cryogenically alloyed PET/PEN blend after keeping it for various times at 300 °C in a hot press, followed by quenching.…”

Section: Experimental Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in spite of being attractive in the beverage‐packaging industry, the thermal and barrier properties of this polymer exclude a number of important applications such as packaging of oxygen‐ or UV sensitive foods and hot‐fill applications 3. On the other hand, the demand of smaller cassettes with longer play times requires media materials with thermal and mechanical properties being superior to those of PET 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As stated by Stewart et al13 and many others, chemical interchange reactions result in blend compatibilization and the phase structure of the system changes, which has a strong impact on its optical and mechanical properties. Therefore, characterizing the properties of PET/PEN blends as a function of the degree of transesterification has been intensively investigated, often including NMR for both quantitative and qualitative measurements 4,9,11,14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Transreactions on the Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 1:1 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) Blends Produced by Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying

Mano

Denchev

Nogales

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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Cryogenically alloyed poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/poly(ethylene naphthalene 2,6‐dicarboxylate) (PEN) blends (1:1 w/w) were subjected to melt pressing at 300 °C for various times. The binary polymer systems so obtained were studied by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and proton NMR. A high level of homogenization at the nanometer scale was achieved. By changing the time of melt pressing in the range of 1–35 min, PET‐PEN block copolymers with average block lengths decreasing between 10 and 2 repeat units were produced. This copolymer formation was accompanied by significant changes in the dynamic mechanical properties as revealed by the variations in the temperature dependence of the loss factor, tan δ, in the region of the glass transition. Particularly, with the increase of annealing time a transition from double to single alpha‐relaxation was observed. The traditional two‐phase Takayanagi model applied to these alpha‐relaxation data did not provide an adequate description of the viscoelastic behavior as a function of annealing time. The results were discussed in terms of the Adam‐Gibbs theory of the cooperatively rearranging regions. magnified image

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Effect of Transreactions on the Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 1:1 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) Blends Produced by Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying

Mano

Denchev

Nogales

et al. 2003

Macro Materials & Eng

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Study on phase separation of PET/PEN blends by dynamic rheology

Wagner

Liu

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) were processed into biaxially drawn films, and samples taken from the bi-oriented films were then investigated by dynamic rheology experiments in the melt state. Storage modulus G 0 and loss modulus G 00 were determined in the frequency range of 10 22 -10 2 rad/s at temperatures between 260 and 3008C. Although the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was found to hold in the high frequency regime, a breakdown of TTS was observed at low frequencies, and the terminal behavior of the storage modulus G 0 of the blends departs drastically from the terminal behavior observed for the blend components. This is caused by interfacial surface tension effects. The results indicate that despite the effect of transesterification reactions, the PET/PEN blend systems investigated consist of a microseparate phase of PEN platelets in a matrix of PET. This morphology is produced when the blends are processed into biaxially oriented PET/PEN films, and droplets of PEN are deformed into a lamellar structure consisting of parallel and extended, separate layers. The large interfacial surface area of the bi-oriented PET/PEN blends leads to remarkably strong interfacial tension effects in dynamic rheology measurements.

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Synthesis of statistical PET/PEN random block copolymers and their crystallizability in the bulk and at the surface

Shinotsuka

Assender

Claridge

2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of PET/PEN copolyesters were synthesized by molten transesterification. The degree of randomness and the sequence length of the copolymers were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and the changes in the bulk glass transition temperature (TgB), bulk crystallization temperature (TcB), and bulk melting temperature (TmB) were observed by DSC. A clear relationship was obtained between the observed enthalpy of melting (ΔHm) and degree of randomness (B), and TmB was suppressed for the midcompositions. As with their homopolymer counterparts, there was significant depression in crystallization temperature at the surface (TcS) of the random/block copolymers compared with the bulk, and so surface‐localized crystallization could be induced in spin‐coated thick films (thickness ranging from ca. 400 to 700 nm) by annealing at a temperature in which the surface region is mobile, but the bulk is not. The formation of these clear surface crystals allows the morphology to be directly imaged by AFM, and we observed that the crystallizability and the lamellar morphology of the surface crystals deviated from those of the original homopolymers, depending on the mixing ratio of PET/PEN and degree of randomness. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46515.

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Miscibility of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) blends by transesterification

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Transreactions on the Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 1:1 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) Blends Produced by Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying

The Effect of Transreactions on the Structure and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of 1:1 Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) Blends Produced by Cryogenic Mechanical Alloying

Study on phase separation of PET/PEN blends by dynamic rheology

Synthesis of statistical PET/PEN random block copolymers and their crystallizability in the bulk and at the surface

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