Miscibility of polyamide‐6 and polystyrene functionalized with sulfonic acid groups

Abstract

Polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) interact strongly in solution. Thus, solution blends of PA‐6 and SPS (sulfonation levels from 0 to 12.3 mol%) in m‐cresol form clear, hazy, or gelled solutions–depending on the ratio of amide (A) to sulfonic acid (S) groups (A/S). NMR studies show that the S groups interact with the nitrogen of the amides, most probably through the transfer of the sulfonic acid protons. During melt blending, the addition of SPS to the PA‐6 leads to a torque rise because of strong interactions. The glass transition temperatures of the components in the melt blended samples shift towards each other as the sulfonation level of the SPS increases, indicating enhanced miscibility. The analysis of the extracted PA‐6 from thee blends, however, shows that it is degraded at processing temperatures (250°C), owing to some residual water and the catalytic activity of the sulfonic acid groups. The extent of the PA‐6 degradation is inversely related to the A/S ratio. Each sulfonic acid group causes between one and two chain scissions of the PA‐6. In blends with high A/S ratios, the degradation of the PA‐6 is minimal; yet considerable dispersion of the SPS can be achieved, as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces.

Miscibility and mechanical properties of sulfonated polystyrene-polyurethane blends

“…The interaction between the sulfonic acid in sulfonated polystyrene and nitrogen-containing polymers like polyurethane, [7][8][9] polyvinylpyridene, 10 and polyamide 11,12 has been shown to be particularly strong. is shown to be able to transfer to the nitrogen 8e20 4832 / 8E20$$4832 01-15-98 09:12:43 polaa W: Poly Applied disrupted at high temperature, and thermoplastic processing techniques, such as injection molding, can be used for their processing.…”

Synthesis in pilot plant scale and physical properties of sulfonated polystyrene

“…6,7 In these cases it was observed that, during the melt blending, the addition of PS-SO 3 H to the polymers leads to a torque rise because of strong chain to chain interactions. Furthermore, the torque profiles of pure PS-SO 3 H materials cannot be obtained, since these materials crosslink at high temperatures.…”

“…Furthermore, the torque profiles of pure PS-SO 3 H materials cannot be obtained, since these materials crosslink at high temperatures. 6 Although numerous references are given to the patent of Makowski et al, 1 that patent does not give enough details about the experimental procedure adopted. In this work, we describe the reactions, thermal and physical properties and the interactions present in the sulfonated polystyrene, as compared to pure PS.…”

Preparation and Solution Properties of Amphiphilic Sulfonated Acrylamide Copolymers

“…Comparison of the integrals of the peaks assigned to the monomers and to the polymer indicated that the conversion exceeded 95% in all the polymerizations, as calculated by Equation (1). The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from the NMR spectra, by using Equation (2), and are reported in Table 1. The contents of the monomer units in the copolymers were very close to the monomer feed ratios, as expected at high conversions.…”

“…The polymers can be divided into polyelectrolytes, which are water soluble, and ionomers, which are water nonsoluble. The latter group of polymers are used as, for example, compatibilizers for polymer blends, [1,2] and as proton and ionic conducting electrolytes for use in fuel cells [3 -7] and lithium polymer batteries, [8][9][10] respectively. Polyelectrolytes are widely used as viscosity regulators, surfactants, stabilizers, etc, in a large number of different applications.…”