Mise en évidence d’une androdioécie morphologique et d’une « hétérostigmatie » chezSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst

Abstract

Article original Description of a morphological androdioecy and of a "heterostigmaty" for Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.

Folk perception of sexual dimorphism, sex ratio, and spatial repartition: implications for population dynamics of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich) Hochst] populations in Benin, West Africa

“…caffra) in southern and central Africa has largely been reported in the literature as dioecious. However, the female flowers also bear staminodes which have been proved to have viable pollen and suggest that the species is morphologically androdioecious (Diallo et al 2006). Yet, no selfing experience was carried out to verify whether these supposed hermaphrodites flowers were self-compatible, or pollinated other plants in nature.…”

“…However, Diallo et al (2006) have found the Sahel populations in Senegal to be morphologically androdioecious, and Hall (2002) have reported the presence of occasional female flowers in the most proximal inflorescences of the shoots on predominantly male trees. Diallo et al (2006) found that pollens of Sclerocarya birrea ''hermaphrodites'' were viable, but they did not carry out any selfing experience. Androdioecy is a rare sexual system in plants and animals in which males cooccur with cosexuals (Charlesworth 1984;Pannell 2002).…”

“…In SubSaharan Africa, indigenous fruit trees play vital roles in food and nutritional security, especially during periods of famine and food scarcity (Chirwa and Akinnifesi 2008), and they are becoming increasingly important as a main source of food to supplement diets even in better times. Sclerocarya birrea is an indigenous fruit tree species, and its fruit is subject of a significant trade in the Sahel (Diallo et al 2006). Although three subspecies are distinguished, fruits, leaves, bark, kernels, and wood of the species are widely used by local people irrespective of subspecies through its distribution range (Glew et al 2004;Gouwakinnou et al 2009a;Muok and Owuor 2005;Shackleton et al 2002).…”

Caractérisation phénotypique des plantules de quatre populations de Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. au Burkina Faso

“…Celles-ci sont établies sur la distance entre les arbres-mères, leur état sanitaire et la taille de l'échantillon. Compte tenu du caractère androdioïque de l'espèce (Diallo et al, 2006), 20 arbres visuellement sains, distants l'un de l'autre d'environ 100 m, ont été échantil-lonnés au sein de chaque population ; 40 fruits arrivés à maturité commerciale ont été récoltés sur chaque arbre.…”

Productivity characteristics and development strategies of <i>Sclerocarya birrea</i> in Burkina Faso

“…However, studies to date, have focused on genetic diversity (Bationo-Kando et al, 2012), morphology (Bationo-Kando et al, 2008), anatomy (Sérémé, 1996;Diallo et al, 2006), or on the physicochemical composition of S. birrea the fruit (Bationo-Kando et al, 2009). On the other hand, data on the production and exploitation of the plant, by rural and urban populations, are still basic or non-existent.…”