Mise en évidence des cannabinoïdes : quel milieu biologique ?

Goullé, Jean-Pierre; Lacroix, Christian

doi:10.1016/s0003-4509(06)75311-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is often to comply with workplace rules and for road safety. Reference [63] states that urine analysis can detect use up to 5 days after intake, while blood analysis is best for determining impairment from acute use. Reference [64] adds that urine THC-COOH levels over 75 ng/mL indicate regular use, while levels under 5 ng/mL show occasional use.…”

Section: G What Microbiological Standards or Tests Are Used To Test M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Cleaner Green: A Review of Microbial Testing of Medical Cannabis and Its Implications for Patient Health

Jones

2023

IJRASET

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The recent surge in medicinal cannabis uses globally, largely due to changes in supply laws, has necessitated a comprehensive examination of its safety and quality. Despite its legal use in over 40 countries, there is increasing concern about microbiological contaminants, notably fungi, in cannabis. While background (or normal levels) of microbes are considered harmless with proper growing and manufacturing practices, some can pose health risks, particularly in certain applications like smoking, tinctures, or edibles. This literature review aims to explore the occurrence, identification, and health implications of fungal pollutants in medicinal cannabis. It also examines the negative effects of specific mycotoxins and the testing standards for medical cannabis, contributing significantly to current medical practices and future policy development in this rapidly evolving field. The presence of moulds and fungi on cannabis can potentially make users sick, with Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria being common contaminants. However, the evidence linking exposure to fungus in cannabis with illness after consumption is limited, and the risks seem to depend on individual factors and level of exposure. The medicinal use of cannabis and cannabinoids has been shown to control various biological processes related to cancer and other illnesses. Cannabis is being used as a supplement for chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and other neurological conditions. Nevertheless, solvents, pesticides, and fungal pathogens may contaminate therapeutic cannabis. Mycotoxins from these fungi have been detected in cannabis samples, but their health effects are unknown. In growing medicinal cannabis markets like Thailand, mycotoxins might cause considerable economic losses. To reduce supply chain risks, medical cannabis products require more research on practical microbiological safety recommendations for improved public health.

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Section: G What Microbiological Standards or Tests Are Used To Test M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Cleaner Green: A Review of Microbial Testing of Medical Cannabis and Its Implications for Patient Health

Jones

2023

IJRASET

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“…Identification of THC/CBN/CBD in hair suggests exposure to cannabis, which could be due to low level or infrequent use of cannabis or historic or passive exposure. However, some argue that the presence of cannabinoids in hair, especially THC is indicative of repeated or chronic exposure 5,8 . The distinction between external contamination and consumption can be difficult for cannabinoid hair analysis 9 , and the implication of a positive test result can have significant consequences for the individual involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drawbacks for detection from this biological matrix are the requirement for expensive instrumentation and sample preparation can be a more time-consuming process when compared to urine 11 . Routine laboratory screening of hair for cannabis varies and includes the detection of cannabinoids and/or THC-COOH 8 . Hemp is a variety of Cannabis Sativa and is closely related to Cannabis with the difference being in the percentage of THC 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of cannabinoids in hair after cosmetic application of hemp oil

Paul

Williams²,

Hodson³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The detection of cannabis constituents and metabolites in hair is an established procedure to provide evidence of exposure to cannabis. We present the first known evidence to suggest that applying hemp oil to hair, as cosmetic treatment, may result in the incorporation of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD) and in one instance, the metabolite 11-hydroxy-Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-OH). 10 volunteers treated their head hair daily with commercially available hemp oil for a period of 6 weeks. Head hair samples were collected before and after the application period. Hair samples were washed with methanol and subjected to clean up via liquid/liquid and solid phase extraction procedures, and then GC-MS/MS for the analysis of THC, CBN, CBD, THC-OH and THC-COOH. Application of hemp oil to hair resulted in the incorporation of one or more cannabis constituents in 89% of volunteers, and 33% of the group tested positive for the three major constituents, THC, CBN and CBD. One volunteer showed low levels of the metabolite THC-OH. We suggest that cosmetic use of hemp oil should be recorded when sampling head hair for analysis, and that the interpretative value of cannabinoid hair measurements from people reporting application of hemp oil is treated with caution in both criminology and public health.

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