Misleading Suggestions can Alter Later Memory Reports even Following a Cognitive Interview

Abstract

Taking an immediate recall test prior to misinformation exposure can increase eyewitness suggestibility-a finding termed retrieval-enhanced suggestibility. Here, we examined whether retrieval-enhanced suggestibility would occur when participants were administered an immediate Cognitive Interview (CI). The CI is an investigative interviewing technique that consistently elicits more correct details in memory reports than standard interviews. In this study, participants watched a video of a crime and then completed a distractor task (control condition), a free recall test, or the CI. They then heard misinformation presented in a narrative. Participants produced more accurate memory details in the CI than in free recall despite spending equal time on both tasks. However, the CI also increased the later report of misinformation relative to the control condition. These results show that initial retrieval can increase subsequent suggestibility even when such retrieval occurs under relatively ideal conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Taking an immediate recall test prior to misinformation exposure can increase eyewitness

Immediate interviewing increases children's suggestibility in the short term, but not in the long term

“…To examine this issue, future studies should add a third group of children that, for example, is instructed to freely recall what they experienced (in addition to a group of participants who receives the NICHD interview). Of importance, this has been done in previous research using the cognitive interview in adults (LaPaglia et al ., ). Here, the authors found that although the cognitive interview elicited more correct details than the free recall group, the size of retrieval‐enhanced suggestibility effect did not differ between the two groups.…”

“…Of relevance for the current experiments is research showing that retrieval-enhanced suggestibility also appears when memory is tested using an empirically well-validated interview protocol. In one experiment (LaPaglia, Wilford, Rivard, Chan, & Fisher, 2014), after watching a video, adult participants either received an immediate cognitive interview or not. The cognitive interview has been proven to be an effective interview in producing accurate memory reports from adult witnesses in experimental contexts (Fisher & Geiselman, 1992;Memon, Meissner, & Fraser, 2010).…”

“…Second, although previous adult research using the cognitive interview (LaPaglia et al ., ) has found retrieval‐enhanced suggestibility effects, this does not necessarily mean that this should be found in children who are interviewed by the NICHD protocol as well. Other memory phenomena exist that differ between children and adults too.…”

The Role of Temporal and Spatial Information Cues in Locating Missing Persons

“…These analogs can be compared with the analogs used in eyewitness memory research. For example, videos or slides of events serve as an analog to actual events in eyewitness memory research (e.g., Gabbert, Memon, & Allan, 2003;LaPaglia, Wilford, Rivard, Chan, & Fisher, 2014;Loftus, 1974Loftus, , 1975.…”

Entrevista de Crianças e Adolescentes em Contexto Policial e Forense: Uma Perspectiva do Desenvolvimento

“…Esta prática parece ser problemática caso alguma das entrevistas realizadas seja inadequada, por exemplo, contenha questões sugestivas. Se a primeira entrevista realizada contiver questões sugestivas, a memória da criança poderá ser distorcida e os erros cometidos nesta entrevista poderão manter-se em entrevistas posteriores (Lapaglia, Wilford, Rivard, Chan, & Fisher, 2013). Caso todas as entrevistas sejam adequadas, este procedimento poderá ser vantajoso, aumentando a quantidade de informação evocada, particularmente em crianças, pois estas frequentemente omitem informação numa primeira entrevista (Poole & Lamb, 1998).…”