Missionary Education and Empire in Late Colonial India, 1860-1920

Bellenoit, Hayden J.

doi:10.4324/9781315653105

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…For the most part, the British government left education in the hands of missions and other voluntary organizations (Clignet and Foster ). During the first decades of colonization, missionaries were the only ones introducing European‐style education (Berman , Bellenoit ). State schools came later and for a long time constituted a small minority.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were also more secondary schools and universities than in the French colonies, although before 1945 the absolute number of these institutions remained small in the British colonies too (Clignet and Foster , Gifford and Weiskel ). As in the Spanish and French colonies, until the period of decolonization the British tried to confine advanced education of locals to a small employable number, in order to avoid the creation of nationalist movements (Gifford and Weiskel , Bellenoit ). After World War II, there finally was a large increase in government investment in education, albeit from a low level.…”

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Long Shadows of Spanish and French Colonial Education

Feldmann

2016

Kyklos

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Summary Both Spanish and French colonial education included several features that restricted education. Many of them persisted long after independence. Against this background, this paper econometrically studies whether in the recent past the colonial legacy still affected schooling in the ex‐colonies of these two former colonial powers – and, for comparison, in the ex‐colonies of Britain, the third of the former big three colonial powers. Using a large sample of countries and numerous controls, it finds substantial negative effects on both secondary enrollment and average years of schooling in former French and, especially, in former Spanish colonies. The negative effects on females are particularly large. By contrast, there are no effects in former British colonies.

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Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Long Shadows of Spanish and French Colonial Education

Feldmann

2016

Kyklos

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“…While in both Spanish and French colonies the language of the colonial power was the sole language of instruction, excluding a large majority of native children from schooling, in British colonies teaching was in the local vernacular in the first grades, enabling practically all native children to enter school (Feldmann 2016b). Furthermore, the Protestant missionaries introduced formal education for women as well as for marginalized groups such as slaves or members of the "untouchable" castes in India (White 1996, Bellenoit 2007. As a result of these various features, through the colonial period primary school enrollment rates were substantially higher in British than in, for example, French colonies.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Protestantism's Influence On Schoolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling

Feldmann

2018

Comp. Sociol.

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From its beginning 500 years ago, Protestantism has been advocating and actively pursuing the expansion of schooling, including the schooling of girls. In many countries, it has thus helped to create a cultural heritage that puts a high value on education and schooling. This paper provides evidence that Protestantism’s historical legacy has an enduring effect. Using data on 147 countries, it finds that countries with larger Protestant population shares in 1900 had higher secondary school enrollment rates over 1975-2010, including among girls. The magnitude of the effect is small though. Using Protestant population shares over 1975-2010, the paper also shows that Protestantism’s influence on schooling has diminished and that contemporary Protestantism, in contrast to historical Protestantism, does not affect schooling. The regression analysis accounts for numerous other determinants of schooling.

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“…Among the many types of schooling in British India, missionary and, particularly, vernacular-medium schooling have been relatively neglected in previous research (Venkateswaran 2013, 146). Exceptionally, Bellenoit (2007) provides an authoritative account of missionary schooling in North India but mainly focuses on English language institutions. Where the existence of vernacular-medium colonial education is acknowledged, this tends to be assumed to be transitionalalways leading up to completely English-medium (Phillipson 1992, 111-12;Viswanathan 1989, 54).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilingual English teaching in colonial India: the case of John Murdoch’s work in Madras Presidency, 1855–1875

Vennela

Smith

2019

Language & History

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There is a prevalent conception about colonial Indian educationin the absence of much empirical research into specific contextsthat it was carried out only in English with the aim of anglicising the masses. While it is true that there were colonial motives of acculturation embedded in English language teaching and English-medium instruction, the idea that English language learning was exclusively monolingual is historically inaccurate. Indeed, the survival of bilingual teaching materials prepared in the nineteenth century for use in colonial schools suggests that, outside elite English-medium instruction, the use of Indian languages was common in English teaching. To explore this possibility further, this article focuses on the work and ideas of a prominent colonial educationalist, John Murdoch (1818-1904), with a focus on the schoolbooks he was associated with and on his recommendations for bilingual English teaching in the colonial schools of Madras Presidency. Murdoch's ideas on the use of local languages in teaching reveal complexities and intricacies which have been underexplored in previous histories of colonial Indian education.

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Missionary Education and Empire in Late Colonial India, 1860-1920

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

The Long Shadows of Spanish and French Colonial Education

The Long Shadows of Spanish and French Colonial Education

Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling

Bilingual English teaching in colonial India: the case of John Murdoch’s work in Madras Presidency, 1855–1875

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