Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling

Feldmann, Horst

doi:10.1163/15691330-12341474

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Intriguingly, Protestantism’s positive influence on educational provision is still visible, although, compared with countries dominated by other religions, in all traditionally Protestant countries secularization of education started much earlier and was more encompassing, and in most of them the fall in levels of religiosity since the mid-twentieth century was steeper (Hans, 1967; Mitchell, 1993). In all traditionally Protestant countries and in many former British colonies, this religion’s emphasis on education has long become part of the national culture (Feldmann, 2018). As Protestantism has always advocated that girls should receive an education equal to that of boys (Bowen, 1975; Boyd & King, 1975), our insignificant estimate for this gender comes at a surprise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the results for Protestantism are mixed. Whereas Feldmann’s (2018) multi-country study finds positive effects on both male’s and female’s secondary schooling, papers focusing on the USA report that, in this country, fundamentalist and conservative Protestants have low levels of educational attainment (e.g., Darnell & Sherkat, 1997; Lehrer, 1999). For Roman Catholicism, the results from previous studies are mixed as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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World Religions and Human Capital Investment: The Case of Primary Education

Feldmann

2019

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics

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Using data on 150 countries, this article studies if and how the largest world religions have affected the extent of primary education at the national level over the period 1972-2010. Although primary education has been compulsory in most countries for at least several decades, the regression results suggest that these religions have indeed still been able to exert an influence on this type of education. Specifically, whereas Protestantism and Catholicism had a positive effect on the male primary enrolment rate, Hinduism and Buddhism had a negative effect on the female primary enrolment rate. Islam had a negative effect on both. While the magnitude of the estimated effects is small for boys, it is more substantial for girls, particularly the negative effect of Islam. The estimates are robust to endogeneity of all five religion adherence variables. They are also robust to numerous controls and variations in specification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

World Religions and Human Capital Investment: The Case of Primary Education

Feldmann

2019

Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics

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“…It was a key ambition of the Reformation to educate children of all social classes, both boys and girls. From the 16th century until the secularization of education in the 19th century, Protestantism was the driving force behind mass education in traditionally Protestant countries (Feldmann 2018). In Britain's colonies, it remained so until decolonization (Feldmann 2016b).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pentecostals are more given to spiritual experience and feelings. The mystic character of Pentecostalism (e.g., speaking in tongues, belief in miracles) is not conducive to secular education (Feldmann 2018). Some Pentecostals even oppose educating their children in public schools (Sikkink 1999).…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Favors Education? Insights from the World Values Survey

Feldmann

2020

Comp. Sociol.

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Using World Values Survey data from 55 countries, this article provides detailed insights into the characteristics of people who place a high value on education – and into the characteristics of those who don’t. It finds that attitudes toward education vary across the following characteristics: educational attainment, income, social class, political position, postmaterialist values, religion, sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, number of children, family values and employment status. Countries’ average GDP per capita affects people’s views of education too. Whereas some results are in line with theoretical expectations and previous empirical research, others are surprising.

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“…But just as much as the magnitude of Protestantism's traditional influence on secondary schooling has diminished over time (Feldmann, 2018) (today none of the three branches of Christianity -Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism and Protestantism -have a statistically significant effect on secondary schooling (Feldmann, 2016)) so, at a general level therefore neither has the Christian religion in both countries.…”

Section: Differing Work-related Commitment? Different Focus and Orien...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of French Higher Education in French-German Business-to-Business Relationships.

Fontaine¹

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A significant amount of literature has been written on the various aspects involved in and influencing buyer and seller relationships. In an international setting, many cultural influences in the buyer and seller interaction process have been identified and researched. In the case of France, the literature identifies a binary divide in the higher education system, with universities on one side and the Grandes Écoles (French private higher education institutes) on the other. While there is general advice for undertaking business in France, research that focuses on the influence of this education system for the international buyer and seller interaction process in a French-German context is rare. Within the spirit of the IMP Interactions Model, this study explores those cultural values whose origins can be attributed to the French higher education system and that can influence communication and the creation of trust in a binational business relationship – the Franco-German dyad. The cultural differences present in this context, their origins, and the divergences between German and French business behaviour are the phenomena on which this study offers knowledge. This study’s insight is not only based on how the phenomena present but also seeks to elucidate the roots of those values causing the phenomena, with the goal to enable German sellers to have a more successful approach to their French counterparts. This study is based on a broadly ethnographic design encompassing historical, and educational research. The work follows the holistic perspective, analysing the social interaction of business partners in their daily environment, examining things in the broadest possible context, to understand their interconnections and interdependence. This is undertaken by means of semi-structured interviews among a social group within the goods road transportation industry. Twenty-one interviews were conducted in six selected companies. In each of these companies, three to four participants of different hierarchical III positions and in different job roles related to buying have been interviewed. In addition, five interviews with German managers involved in business interactions with French customers have been undertaken to offer perspective from the German business partner. This research showed that cultural values can be related to the education system, creating behaviour patterns, preferences and expectations. Meeting and respecting these values influence communication and the formation of trust. The specific aspects that were examined could be traced back in their historical development of the respective educational systems: the vocational, generalist, and/or dualistic systems producing elites, specialists, and their effects in cross-cultural relations and interactions. The French participants of this study demonstrate that the different education systems do influence the respective French-German behaviours, cultures, and relations. The research identified and helped to understand the origin of the different business partners values’ in the binational dyad. The theoretical model developed represents the interrelation and reciprocal influence on the interaction of trust, communication and cultural values related to the education system. The analysis has shown that different philosophies on the approach to projects and the importance that is attributed to speaking the French language are specific aspects that demand cultural awareness. It could be shown that overcoming the cultural distance formed by the language barrier is even more critical for business interaction with Grandes Écoles graduates. The research offers practical recommendations and requirements for a German seller to position advantageously, control and manage a French-German binational business relationship successfully.

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Still Influential: The Protestant Emphasis on Schooling

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

World Religions and Human Capital Investment: The Case of Primary Education

World Religions and Human Capital Investment: The Case of Primary Education

Who Favors Education? Insights from the World Values Survey

The Influence of French Higher Education in French-German Business-to-Business Relationships.

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