Misuse of the term ‘load’ in sport and exercise science

Staunton, Craig A; Abt, Grant; Weaving, Dan; Wundersitz, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.013

Cited by 57 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…14 This may explain why there is a lack of clarity in defining the TL concept; indeed, it has led some to argue that it is unscientific and should be abandoned. 15 Part of this confusion appears to arise because some researchers consider TL to be related to the amount or volume of an athlete's training, while others relate it to the dose or stress that arises from a given training session completed by an athlete. 15 For the purposes of this review, Banister et al's original perspective will be adopted where TL metrics are conceived to quantify the training dose (and its resulting stress) as distinct from the amount of training an athlete undertakes.…”

Section: Defining Tlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Training-Load Concept

Passfield¹,

Murias²,

Sacchetti³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Training load (TL) is a widely used concept in training prescription and monitoring and is also recognized as as an important tool for avoiding athlete injury, illness, and overtraining. With the widespread adoption of wearable devices, TL metrics are used increasingly by researchers and practitioners worldwide. Conceptually, TL was proposed as a means to quantify a dose of training and used to predict its resulting training effect. However, TL has never been validated as a measure of training dose, and there is a risk that fundamental problems related to its calculation are preventing advances in training prescription and monitoring. Specifically, we highlight recent studies from our research groups where we compare the acute performance decrement measured following a session with its TL metrics. These studies suggest that most TL metrics are not consistent with their notional training dose and that the exercise duration confounds their calculation. These studies also show that total work done is not an appropriate way to compare training interventions that differ in duration and intensity. We encourage scientists and practitioners to critically evaluate the validity of current TL metrics and suggest that new TL metrics need to be developed.

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Section: Defining Tlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Training-Load Concept

Passfield¹,

Murias²,

Sacchetti³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…Training intensity monitoring is a daily practice within the soccer training context [1]. Training intensity describes how hard a player is exercising [2]. Understanding the impact of training stimulus on the players and identify the variations between players contributes to an adjustment of planning and for adjusting specific recovery or managing strategies [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Values for External and Internal Training Intensity Monitoring in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Training intensity monitoring is a daily practice in soccer which allows soccer academies to assess the efficacy of its developmental interventions and management strategies. The current systematic review’s purpose is to: (1) identify and summarize studies that have examined external and internal training intensity monitoring, and to (2) provide references values for the main measures for young male soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 2404 studies initially identified, 8 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. From them, the following range intervals were found for training: rated perceived exertion (RPE) 2.3–6.3 au; session-RPE, 156–394 au; total distance, 3964.5–6500 m and; distance >18 km/h, 11.8–250 m. Additionally, a general tendency to decrease the intensity in the day before the match was Found. This study allowed to provide reference values of professional young male players for the main internal and external measures. All together, they can be used by coaches, their staff, or practitioners in order to better adjust training intensity.

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“…Intensity monitoring (this replaces the term “workload” [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]) encompasses the psychological and biological demands (internal intensity, iTL) caused by tasks or competition (external intensity, eTL). For example, the modification of game spaces or number of participants (eTL) affect the iTL of players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Subjective Intensities Indicators of Player Load and Heart Rate in Physical Education?

et al. 2022

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Physical education teachers need valid, low-cost, subjective techniques as an alternative to high-cost new technologies to monitor students’ intensity monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between both objective and subjective external (eTL) and internal (iTL) intensities. A total of 95 primary education students participated in this study. In this regard, 40 played soccer, and 55 performed basketball tasks, recording a total of 3956 units of analysis. The intensities caused by the different soccer and basketball tasks were measured using objective techniques (inertial devices and heart rate monitors) and subjective techniques (a sheet of task analysis and ratings of perceived exertion). Matrix scatter plots were made to show the values of two variables for a dataset. In this regard, adjustment lines were plotted to determine the trend of the correlations. Then, Spearman’s correlation was calculated to measure the association between two variables. Despite the low correlation levels obtained, the main results showed significant positive correlations between the intensities. This means that the high intensity values recorded by objective techniques also implied high intensity values recorded by subjective techniques, and vice versa. Negative correlations (r Rho = −0.19; p = 0.00) were only found between the following eTL variables: task eTL per minute (subjective technique) and player load per minute (objective technique). This negative correlation occurred when students played in the same 3 vs. 3 game situation without variability in subjective eTL (M ± SD, 28.00 ± 0.00). Therefore, subjective eTL and iTL techniques could be proposed as a suitable alternative for planning and monitoring the intensities supported by students in physical education classes. Moreover, these subjective techniques are easy to use in schools.

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Misuse of the term ‘load’ in sport and exercise science

Cited by 57 publications

References 60 publications

Validity of the Training-Load Concept

Validity of the Training-Load Concept

Reference Values for External and Internal Training Intensity Monitoring in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review

Are Subjective Intensities Indicators of Player Load and Heart Rate in Physical Education?

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