Mitigating Cognitive Bias through the Use of Serious Games: Effects of Feedback

Dunbar, Norah E.; Jensen, Matthew L.; Miller, Claude H.; Bessarabova, Elena; Straub, Sara K.; Wilson, Scott; Elizondo, Javier; Burgoon, Judee K.; Valacich, Joseph S.; Adame, Bradley J.; Lee, Yu-Hao; Lane, Brianna L.; Piercy, Cameron W.; Wilson, David W.; King, Shawn; Vincent, Cindy; Scheutzler, Ryan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07127-5_9

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Stronger forms of training can be effective. Computer games and simulations [34] provide immediate feedback, structured learning environments, and tailored instructions based on performance [16,26,58,60]. They have proven useful in reducing the fundamental attribution error, bias blind spot, and confirmation bias [16,60], after the session and even eight weeks later.…”

Section: Improve Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Attraction Effect with Visualizations

Dimara

Bailly²,

Bezerianos

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Human decisions are prone to biases, and this is no less true for decisions made within data visualizations. Bias mitigation strategies often focus on the person, by educating people about their biases, typically with little success. We focus instead on the system, presenting the first evidence that altering the design of an interactive visualization tool can mitigate a strong bias - the attraction effect. Participants viewed 2D scatterplots where choices between superior alternatives were affected by the placement of other suboptimal points. We found that highlighting the superior alternatives weakened the bias, but did not eliminate it. We then tested an interactive approach where participants completely removed locally dominated points from the view, inspired by the elimination by aspects strategy in the decision-making literature. This approach strongly decreased the bias, leading to a counterintuitive suggestion: tools that allow removing inappropriately salient or distracting data from a view may help lead users to make more rational decisions.

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Section: Improve Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating the Attraction Effect with Visualizations

Dimara

Bailly²,

Bezerianos

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…Moreover, Kopecky et al (2016) found that, in many cases, watching the related video twice did not result in significantly greater learning gains than a single viewing. Finally, several studies conducted during development of the games failed to find significant differences in learning outcomes between 30-min and 60- to 75-min versions of the games (Dunbar et al, 2014; Veinott et al, 2013). Taken together, these findings suggest that the duration of the intervention is not sufficient to explain the observed differences in learning outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching Decision Making With Serious Games

et al. 2017

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Game-based training may have different characteristics than other forms of instruction. The independent validation of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Sirius program evaluated game-based cognitive bias training across several games with a common set of control groups. Control groups included a professionally produced video that taught the same cognitive biases and an unrelated video that did not teach any biases. Knowledge was tested immediately after training and after a delay. This article presents the results from the two phases of the Sirius program. Gamebased training showed advantages in teaching bias mitigation skills (procedural knowledge) but had no advantage over video instruction in teaching people to answer explicit questions about biases (declarative knowledge). Overall, training effects persisted over time, and games performed as well as and in some cases better than the video-based instruction for knowledge retention. Our results suggest that serious games can be an effective training tool, particularly for teaching procedural knowledge.

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“…There are many forms of training. One form is to use games to counter the negative impact of cognitive biases 28. Another possible form is to provide simple training programs identifying the cognitive biases and examples of such biases 25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cognitive biases resulting from the representativeness heuristic in operations management: an experimental investigation</p>

AlKhars¹,

Evangelopoulos²,

Pavur³

et al. 2019

PRBM

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Purpose Operations managers are subjected to various cognitive biases, which may lead them to make less optimal decisions as suggested by the normative models. In their seminal work, Tversky and Kahneman introduced three heuristics based on which people make decisions: representativeness, availability, and anchoring. This paper aims to investigate the six cognitive biases resulting from the use of the representativeness heuristic, namely, insensitivity to prior probability of outcomes, insensitivity to sample size, misconception of chance, insensitivity to predictability, the illusion of validity, and misconception of regression. Specifically, the paper examines how cognitive reflection and training affect these six cognitive biases in the operations management context. Methods For each cognitive bias, a scenario related to operations management was developed. The participants of the experimental study are asked to select among three responses, where one response is correct and the other two are biased. A total of 315 students from the University of North Texas participated in this study and 302 valid responses were used in the analysis. Results The results show that in all six scenarios, >50% of the respondents make biased decisions. However, using simple training, the bias is significantly reduced. Regarding the relationship between cognitive biases and cognitive reflection, the results partially support the hypothesis that people with high cognitive reflection ability tend to make less biased decisions. Regarding the effect of training on making biased decisions, the results show that making people aware of the existence of cognitive biases helps them partially to avoid making biased decisions. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrates the value of training in helping operations managers make less biased decisions. Our discussion section offers some related guidelines for creating a professional environment where the effect of the representativeness heuristic is minimized.

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Mitigating Cognitive Bias through the Use of Serious Games: Effects of Feedback

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Mitigating the Attraction Effect with Visualizations

Mitigating the Attraction Effect with Visualizations

Teaching Decision Making With Serious Games

<p>Cognitive biases resulting from the representativeness heuristic in operations management: an experimental investigation</p>

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