Mitigating magnesium deficiency for sustainable citrus production: A case study in Southwest China

Wang, Yuheng; Long, Quan; Li, Yueyue; Kang, Furong; Fan, Zihan; Xiong, Huaye; Luo, Yichen; Guo, Rui; He, Xinhua; Lakshmanan, Prakash; Shi, Xiaojun; Zhang, Fusuo; Zhang, Yueqiang

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110832

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The amount of Ex-Mg released from parental minerals likely becomes insufficient to support optimum crop production, especially in sandy soils. Chinese farmers usually do not apply Mg fertilizers to replenish the soil, mostly relying on N, P, and K fertilizers (Liu et al, 2003 ; Zhang and Zhang, 2008 ; Guo J. H. et al, 2010 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). The data presented in Figure 6B shows that MGD becomes increasingly severe in acidic soils and each unit decrease in soil pH from neutral reduced ~two-fold soil Ex-Mg.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Widespread Mgd In The Farming Syste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mg fertilization not only prevents crops from potential MGD at the seedling stage but also promotes photosynthesis for higher yield and better quality. Meanwhile, it improves nutrient utilization efficiency by balanced elemental provision and synergistic effects and reduces nutrient loss to the environment (Tian et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ). Notably, MGD can lead to hypomagnesemia grass tetany (hypomagnesemia), reported in ~30–50% of dairy herds in New Zealand, a foremost reason for the reduction of milk production in grazing animals (Loganathan et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Widespread Mgd In The Farming Syste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significance of Mg nutrition in crop production has long been overlooked and, consequently, its application seldom matches removal. Intensive Mg removal by high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars and accelerated Mg leaching along with soil acidification continuously deplete indigenous exchangeable Mg reserves (Wang et al, 2020 , 2022 ). Incidences of Mg deficiency (MGD) or approaching deficient levels is expanding in most production systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China

et al. 2022

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Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg−1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227–488 mg kg−1) to southern (32–89 mg kg−1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.

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Section: Spatial Distribution and Widespread Mgd In The Farming Syste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Distribution and Widespread Mgd In The Farming Syste...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China

et al. 2022

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“…In China, a national soil and plant nutrition survey showed that the limiting factor on crop yields and quality has shifted from NPK to Mg (Chen et al, 2022). A decrease in plant dry matter (DM) because of Mg deficiency has been observed in various plants, including tomato (Li et al, 2018), citrus (Wang et al, 2022), rice (Tanoi et al, 2014) and Arabidopsis (Mao et al, 2020). Mg deficiency can cause ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of magnesium deficiency in greenhouse tomato crops grown on calcareous soil

Chao

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2023

Soil Use and Management

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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency in greenhouse vegetable plants affects crop yields and quality. Assessing the degree of Mg deficiency and influencing factors is necessary for evidence‐based Mg supplementation. In this study, an investigation was conducted at 71 tomato cultivation greenhouses with calcareous soil, located in the main greenhouse vegetable production area of China. Plant and soil Mg contents were analysed, as well as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and other nutrients. The tomatoes showed Mg deficiency, with none of the farms supplementing this element. The critical leaf Mg concentration of the tomatoes was 3.40 mg kg−1. Using Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis, three clusters of Mg leaf content were obtained, which were 1.07–3.00 mg kg−1 (SD cluster), 2.56–5.64 mg kg−1 (MD cluster) and 5.12–6.88 mg kg−1 (ND cluster). Tomato yields in the SD and MD clusters were 31.4% and 16.5% lower than the ND cluster, respectively. Both soil exchangeable Mg content and soil pH in the SD cluster were the lowest, while total NPK, available NPK, K/Mg and the Ca/Mg ratio were the highest. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Mg leaf content was negatively correlated with the exchangeable K/Mg ratio, and positively correlated with soil exchangeable Mg content, soil pH and tomato yield. Mg deficiency in the tomatoes was attributed to the high accumulation of available K in the calcareous soil and the fact that the SD cluster with greatest Mg deficiency also had the lowest soil total Mg concentration. Considering the accumulation of NPK and the causes of Mg deficiency, foliar Mg spraying is suggested to mitigate Mg deficiency in calcareous greenhouse tomato soil.

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“…Unfortunately, severe soil acidification has been frequently reported in citrus orchards in China. A soil survey of southwest China showed that 76% of the orchards were below the optimum pH (<5.0) for citrus growth, with an average pH of 4.7 (Wang et al, 2022). Pomelo ( Citrus grandis ) is the main citrus variety in Southwest China and faces serious long‐term overfertilization (Chen, Yan, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing aluminum is the key nutrient management strategy for ameliorating soil acidification and improving root growth in an acidic citrus orchard

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Land Degrad Dev

Self Cite

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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most serious hazards of soil acidification, which limits root formation and hinders crop growth. Soil acidification in orchards has been widely reported. However, there is little information about the effect of Al3+ on citrus roots in acidified red soil. Taking pomelo (Citrus grandis), the main citrus variety in Southeast China, as an example, soil surveys were conducted to analyze the status and characteristics of acidification in pomelo orchards. Subsequently, we explored whether optimized fertilization and liming can effectively reduce Al toxicity in roots and increase yield by three treatments, including farmer fertilization practice (FFP), NPK optimization (OPT), and OPT combined with lime (OPT+L). The results showed that (1) rapid soil acidification occurred in pomelo orchards in the past 40 years (with a decrease of 0.81 units). The severity of soil acidification increases with orchard age. In addition, the soil pH and base saturation (BS) at the drip line (DL; i.e., fertilization site) were the lowest, while the concentration of exchangeable acid (Ex.Acid) and exchangeable Al (Ex.Al), and the ratio of Ex.Al to cation exchange capacity (Ex.Al%) was highest compared to other locations away from DL. Random forest analysis indicated Ex.Al was the most important factor to reflect soil acidification. (2) Under the OPT+L treatment, the concentrations of soil Ex.Acid and Ex.Al decreased, and BS increased, which markedly reduced the Al3+ concentration in the roots and promoted root growth. OPT+L significantly decreased the Al concentrations in soils (by 71.3%) and roots (by 47.8%) but increased root activity, root length, root tips and root surface area by 119.2%, 80.3%, 124.6% and 136.6%, respectively. In addition, structural equation modeling further proved that increasing soil pH and BS while decreasing Ex.Al was beneficial to citrus production in acidic soil, and optimized fertilization and lime application are necessary.

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Mitigating magnesium deficiency for sustainable citrus production: A case study in Southwest China

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China

Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China

Assessment of magnesium deficiency in greenhouse tomato crops grown on calcareous soil

Reducing aluminum is the key nutrient management strategy for ameliorating soil acidification and improving root growth in an acidic citrus orchard

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