Mitigation Methods for Passive Intermodulation Distortion in Circuit Systems Using Signal Compensation

Jin, Qiuyan; Gao, Jinchun; Bi, Lingyu

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2019.2957989

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is done without loss of generality, as it is essentially trivial to extend the model to incorporate the past and future samples, since the memory from m = 0 affects each signal in the same way. With the considered system parameterization, given above, the bandlimited instantaneous received signal at RX n at time instant t, operating on frequency 2 f 1 − f 2 , can be written as shown in (6), as shown at the bottom of the page, stemming from ( 5) and (7), where noise has now been omitted for the notational simplicity.…”

Section: A Full Bf Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the work in [22] proposed a framework for the adaptation of the modeling and consecutive suppression of high-order PIM distortion. In [7], simulations were carried out to validate PIM mitigation methods by introducing a compensation signal or an additional passive PIM source accompanied by a phase shifter. The works in [23] and [24], in turn, seek to suppress PIM by microstrip coating.…”

Section: A Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4]. If the source of the nonlinearity is a passive device, the distortion is called passive intermodulation (PIM) [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. Typically, loose connections of cables, filters, switches, antennas [12], [13], [14], [15], [18], [19], [20], [21], or even external metallic objects in the radiation field of the antennas [16], [17] can be the cause of PIM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since PIM is commonly generated by the internal circuitry after the duplexer of the transceiver, the simplest solution to such conducted-PIM mitigation is to use components that are highly linear. This unfortunately increases the manufacturing costs of the devices, and it is, therefore, not an appealing option [5], [7], [9], [10]. In the air-induced PIM scenarios, the obvious solution would be to manually remove the PIM source from the radiation field of the TX, which, in some cases, could turn out to be impossible, if, for example, the PIM source is part of the built environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Lampu

Anttila

Turunen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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In this article, we model and develop effective cancellation schemes for passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion induced by external objects in the vicinity of the transmitterreferred to as air-induced PIM-in frequency-division duplex (FDD) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. PIM is interference generated from the transmitted signals undergoing nonlinear transformation, which, in FDD systems, may cause desensitization of the receiver chain. First, we present a general model of the received air-induced PIM signal, with an arbitrary number of dual-carrier TX chains active and an arbitrary number of PIM sources causing interference, on all the intermodulation frequencies. Then, the derived model is used to develop a cancellation scheme based on a complete set of basis functions (BFs) in a rank-2 dual-carrier MIMO system with four active carriers. To alleviate the high complexity of the aforementioned scheme, we then propose a novel alternative cancellation scheme with much reduced complexity, leveraging on the physical modeling of the system, which is capable of handling any number of PIM sources in the system. RF measurementbased experimentations carried out with real-life equipment evidence excellent cancellation capabilities of the complete BF model, which can be retained with much reduced complexity with the proposed alternative technique.

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Section: A Full Bf Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Lampu

Anttila

Turunen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…Passive intermodulation (PIM) has an important impact on wireless communication systems [1][2][3]. The PIM source is generated by non-linear factors in radio frequency (RF) systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Measuring the Maximum Measurable Gain of a Passive Intermodulation Chamber

Cai

Zhou

Liu³

et al. 2021

Electronics

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This paper presents an approximate method that allows the calculation of the maximum measurable gain (MMG) in an anechoic chamber. This method is realized by using a low passive intermodulation (PIM) medium-gain directional antenna. By reducing the distance between the antenna and the wall of the chamber to reduce path loss, the purpose of replacing a high-gain antenna with a medium-gain antenna is achieved. The specific relationship between distance and equivalent gain is given in this paper. The measurement interval is determined by the 3 dB beamwidth of the measurement antenna to scan the whole chamber. A set of corresponding data for the residual PIM level and the MMG of the chamber can be obtained by the method of measurement outlined herein. The feasibility of this method was verified by measurements in two PIM measurement chambers.

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Passive Intermodulation Measurement: Challenges and Solutions

Cai¹,

Liu²,

Paulis³

et al. 2022

Engineering

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Mitigation Methods for Passive Intermodulation Distortion in Circuit Systems Using Signal Compensation

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

A Method for Measuring the Maximum Measurable Gain of a Passive Intermodulation Chamber

Passive Intermodulation Measurement: Challenges and Solutions

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