Mitigation Techniques to Reduce the Impact of Wind Turbines on Radar Services

Abstract

Radar services are occasionally affected by wind farms. This paper presents a comprehensive description of the effects that a wind farm may cause on the different radar services, and it compiles a review of the recent research results regarding the mitigation techniques to minimize this impact. Mitigation techniques to be applied at the wind farm and on the radar systems are described. The development of thorough impact studies before the wind farm is installed is presented as the best way to analyze in advance the potential for interference, and subsequently identify the possible solutions to allow the coexistence of wind farms and radar services.

Siting strategy for co-locating windfarms and radars considering interference constraints

“…The disadvantage of using these techniques is the possibility of losing targets in the wind clutter area due to possible reduction in time over target. 25 The flexibility to use data processor techniques is available only with modern radars using digital signal processing.…”

Marine Renewable Energies: Opportunities, Law, and Management

“…62 Without casting doubt on the positive nature of such measures, experts have drawn attention not only to the need to comply with the guidelines in question and negotiate all the relevant aspects with the stakeholders concerned, but also to the need for more accurate and detailed guidelines. 63 There is also an environmental regulatory dimension, which has two sides. On the one hand, there is the preventive side in the sense that harnessing marine renewable energies can contribute to the avoidance of anthropogenic interferences with a negative impact on the climate system and stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations.…”

Augmenting the signal processing–based mitigation techniques for removing wind turbine and radar interference

“…Although many mitigation techniques and theories have been put in place for reduction of interference between WTG and radars, however each has inherent limitations. The mitigation techniques have been suggested by modifying the radar parameters, processing techniques, redesigning WTGs with reduced radar cross section (RCS) and siting the radars and WTGs away from line of sight (LOS) to each other (Auld et al, 2013; De La Vega et al, 2013; Deshmukh et al, 2019; Gallardo-Hernando et al, 2010; Nai et al, 2011; Perry and Biss, 2007; Sergey et al, 2008; Uysal et al, 2014). The use of shaping and stealth techniques has been suggested resulting in reduction of RCS; however, they are expensive and cannot resolve Doppler ambiguities due to WTG blades.…”