Mitochondrial Abnormalities in HIV-Infected Lipoatrophic Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Agents

Abstract

Clinical LA, confirmed by DEXA, in long-term NRTI-treated patients was associated with muscular mitochondrial dysfunction as shown by rapid lactic acidemia increase, impairment of respiratory chain activity for complexes III and IV, and mitochondrial histoenzymatic abnormalities.

Aging and Infectious Diseases: Workshop on HIV Infection and Aging: What Is Known and Future Research Directions

“…Levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, factor VIIII, fibrinogen, and IL-6 are elevated in older people with the frailty phenotype [105–107], and these increased levels are associated with frailty intermediates (e.g., wasting) in HIV-infected adults [108, 109]. Likewise, HIV infection and drug toxicities activate frailty-associated inflammatory pathways [110, 111]. …”

Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Patients with HIV-HCV Co-infection as Compared to Patients with HCV Mono-infection

“…Samples were immediately analyzed using an electrochemical enzymatic method (Kontron Lactate Analyser LA 640; Roche Bio-electronics, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland). 25 Gas exchange and ventilatory variables were simultaneously analyzed breath by breath using a calibrated computer-based exercise system (Oxycon Pro; Jaeger). 25 The following criteria were used to establish a maximal effort: maximal heart rate >90% of age predicted (220 -age), maximal respiratory exchange ratio >1.1 or a plateauing of oxygen uptake per unit time (VO 2 ), patient's exhaustion, and lactatemia >8 mmol/L.…”

“…25 Gas exchange and ventilatory variables were simultaneously analyzed breath by breath using a calibrated computer-based exercise system (Oxycon Pro; Jaeger). 25 The following criteria were used to establish a maximal effort: maximal heart rate >90% of age predicted (220 -age), maximal respiratory exchange ratio >1.1 or a plateauing of oxygen uptake per unit time (VO 2 ), patient's exhaustion, and lactatemia >8 mmol/L. The following data were automatically calculated using standard formulae: VO 2 (L/min), carbon dioxide its own pathways onto the multiple potential causes of liver injury in this population, including drug toxicity, 11 virus cytopathic effects, concomitant intoxications, and opportunistic infections.…”

Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups influence AIDS progression

“…AIDS progression is also associated with mtDNA depletion [19], disruption of energy production via oxidative phosphorylation, increased ROS production [20], antioxidant enzyme deficiency [21], and increased oxidative damage which accelerates AIDS progression [22]. In addition, mitochondrial toxicity to drugs used in highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-1 has been linked to severe side-effects including lipodystrophy, peripheral neuropathy, hepatic steatosis, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, pancreatitis, bone-marrow suppression, and lactic acidosis [23–27]. Nearly all of these side-effects resemble clinical symptoms seen in inherited mitochondrial diseases [28] and mtDNA haplogroup T has been associated with peripheral neuropathy [29].…”