Mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and cardiovascular disease

Abstract

. Her research centres on calcium-regulated signal transduction pathways with a focus on the protein phosphatase calcineurin. Sergio Lavandero is Professor at the University of Chile and Adjunct Professor in Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology) at UT Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas. Currently, he is Director and PI of the Advanced Centre for Chronic Diseases. He has a long-standing interest in the molecular mechanisms involved in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy is often initiated as an adaptive response to haemodynamic stress or myocardial injury, and allows the heart to meet an increased demand for oxygen. Although initially beneficial, hypertrophy can ultimately contribute to the progression of cardiac disease, leading to an increase in interstitial fibrosis and a decrease in ventricular function. Metabolic changes have emerged as key mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pathological remodelling. As the myocardium is a highly oxidative tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. 'Mitochondrial dynamics' , the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and mitophagy that determine mitochondrial morphology, quality and abundance have recently been implicated in cardiovascular disease. Studies link mitochondrial dynamics to the balance between energy demand and nutrient supply, suggesting that changes in mitochondrial morphology may act as a mechanism for bioenergetic adaptation during cardiac pathological remodelling. Another critical function of mitochondrial dynamics is the removal of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy, which is dependent on the fission/fusion cycle. In this article, we discuss the latest findings regarding the impact of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy on the development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, damage from ischaemia-reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy and decompensated heart failure. We will address the ability of mitochondrial fusion and fission to impact all cell types within the myocardium, including cardiac myocytes, cardiac fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Finally, we will discuss how these findings can be applied to improve the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Abstract figure legendMitochondria play an essential role in maintaining optimal performance of the heart. Mitochondrial dynamics (processes of fusion and fission, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) determine mitochondrial morphology, quality and abundance. All these processes participate in the development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, damage from ischaemia-reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy and decompensated heart failure.Abbreviations m , mitochondrial membrane potential; DRP1, dynamin-related protein 1; FIS1, mitochondrial fission 1 protein; I/R, ischaemia/reperfusion; KO, ...

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