Mitochondrial enzymes in aerobically and anaerobically germinated seedlings of Echinochloa and rice

Fox, Theodore C.; Kennedy, Robert A.

doi:10.1007/bf00197900

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…More recently, Fox and Kennedy (1991) reported the activities of several TCA cycle enzymes of E. phyllopogon and rice grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Except for succinate dehydrogenase, which is a class 4 protein, the activities of the remaining enzymes changed at different stages of growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vol. 101, 19931983b, glycolysis (Rumpho and Kennedy, 1983a;Kennedy et al, 1987b), the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (Kennedy et al, 1983;Rumpho and Kennedy, 1983a), lipid metabolism (VanderZee and Kennedy, 1982;Knowles and Kennedy, 1984;Everard and Kennedy, 1985), and mitochondrial activity (Kennedy et al, 1987a;Fox and Kennedy, 1991) operate under anaerobic conditions. Recently, we (Fox and Kennedy, 1991) reported that a complete TCA cycle was present in E. phyllopogon under anoxia and that most TCA cycle enzymes in nitrogen-grown seedlings exhibited in vitro activities comparable to those grown in air.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

et al. 1993

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Anaerobic stress resulted in a change i n the protein accumulation patterns in shoots of several Echinochloa (barnyard grass) species and Oryza safiva (1.) (rice) as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. O f the six Echinochloa species investigated, E. phyllopogon (Stev.) KOSS, E. muricafa (Beauv.) Fern, E. oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch Clayton, and E. crus-galli (1.) Beauv. are tolerant of anaerobiosis and germinate i n the absence of oxygen, as does rice.In contrast, E. crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult and F. colonum (1.) Link are intolerant and do not germinate without oxygen. Computer analysis of the protein patterns from the four tolerant species and rice indicated that the anaerobic response is of five classes: class 1 proteins, enhanced under anaerobiosis (9 to 13 polypeptides ranging from 16-68 kD); class 2 proteins, unique to anaerobiosis (1 to 5 polypeptides ranging from 17-69 kD); class 3 proteins, remained constant under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis; class 4 proteins, prominent only i n air and repressed under anoxia (3 to 7 polypeptides ranging from 19-45 kD); and class 5 proteins, unique to aerobiosis (1 to 4 polypeptides ranging from 18-63 kD). In the intolerant species, E. colonum and E. crus-pavonis, no polypeptides were enhanced or repressed under anoxia (class 1 and class 4, respectively), whereas in the tolerant Ecbinochloa species and rice, a total of at least 9 to 13 anaerobic stress proteins and 4 to 7 "aerobic" proteins were noted. lmmunoblotting identified two of the major anaerobic stress proteins as fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and pyruvate decarboxylase. Based on the differential response of the intolerant species to anaerobiosis, we suggest that another set of genes, whose products may not necessarily be among the major anaerobic stress polypeptides, might confer tolerance in Echinochloa under prolonged anaerobic stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

et al. 1993

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“…Historically, research into the effects of oxygen deprivation on mitochondria in plants has focused on ultrastructural changes to the appearance of these organelles and have shown that mitochondrial ultrastructure is maintained in anoxia-tolerant plant species, whereas a breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane structure is seen in cells of anoxia-intolerant species (12). Studies investigating the effect of oxygen deficit on mitochondrial function, in relatively mature rice tissues, have focused on changes in the abundance and activity of respiratory chain complexes and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes (11,(13)(14)(15)(16). Notably, a lack of heme-containing respiratory chain components in mitochondria isolated from tissue grown under anaerobic conditions and a rapid production of these components during reaeration has been shown (16), which appears to be analogous to the heme-linked oxygen response investigated in yeast and animals.…”

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confidence: 95%

Oxygen Initiation of Respiration and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Rice

Howell

Cheng

Murcha

et al. 2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Rice growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions allowed aspects of mitochondrial biogenesis to be identified as dependent on or independent of an oxygen signal. Analysis of transcripts encoding mitochondrial components found that a subset of these genes respond to oxygen (defined as aerobic), whereas others are relatively unaffected by oxygen availability. Mitochondria formed during growth in anaerobic conditions had reduced protein levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle components and cytochrome-containing complexes of the respiratory chain and repressed respiratory functionality. In general, the capacity of the general import pathway was found to be significantly lower in mitochondria isolated from tissue grown under anaerobic conditions, whereas the carrier import pathway capacity was not affected by changes in oxygen availability. Transcript levels of genes encoding components of the protein import apparatus were generally not affected by the absence of oxygen, and their protein abundance was severalfold higher in mitochondria isolated from anaerobically grown tissue. However, both transcript and protein abundances of the subunits of the mitochondrial processing peptidase, which in plants is integrated into the cytochrome bc 1 complex, were repressed under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, in this system, an increase in import capacity is correlated with an increase in the abundance of the cytochrome bc 1 complex, which is ultimately dependent on the presence of oxygen, providing a link between the respiratory chain and protein import apparatus.

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“…This suggests rice mitochondria grown in anoxic conditions can bypass the electron transport function requirement for organellar protein synthesis that is apparent in most plant mitochondria. Fox and Kennedy (21) found that the activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes succinyl-CoA synthase and citrate synthase were similar in aerobically and anaerobically grown seedlings, whereas the activities of 2-oxoglutarate dehy-drogenase complex, aconitase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and fumarase were reduced in anaerobic seedlings. The rate of succinate oxidation and succinate dehydrogenase activity has also been reported to be lower in mitochondria from rice seedlings grown submerged but increased during adaptation to air.…”

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Changes in the Mitochondrial Proteome during the Anoxia to Air Transition in Rice Focus around Cytochrome-containing Respiratory Complexes

Millar

Trend

Heazlewood

2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The ability of rice seedlings to grow from dry seed under anoxia provides a rare opportunity in a multicellular eukaryote to study the stages of mitochondrial biogenesis triggered by oxygen availability. The function and proteome of rice mitochondria synthesized under 6 days of anoxia following 1 day of air adaptation have been compared with mitochondria isolated from 7-day aerobically grown rice seedlings. Rice coleoptiles grown under anoxia, and the mitochondria isolated from them respired very slowly compared with airadapted and air-grown seedlings. Immunodetection of key mitochondrial protein markers, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE to make soluble mitochondria proteome maps, and shotgun sequencing of mitochondrial proteins by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry all revealed similar patterns of the major function categories of mitochondrial proteins from both anoxic and air-adapted samples. Activity analysis showed respiratory oxidases markedly increased in activity during the air adaptation of seedlings. Blue-native electrophoresis followed by SDS-PAGE of mitochondrial membrane proteins clearly showed the very low abundance of assembled b/c 1 complex and cytochrome c oxidase complex in the mitochondrial membrane in anoxic samples and the dramatic increase in the abundance of these complexes on air adaptation. Total heme content, cytochrome absorbance spectra, and the electron carrier, cytochrome c, also increased markedly on air adaptation. These results likely reflect limited heme synthesis for cytochrome assembly in the absence of oxygen and represent a discrete and reversible blockage of full mitochondrial biogenesis in this anoxia-tolerant species.

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Mitochondrial enzymes in aerobically and anaerobically germinated seedlings of Echinochloa and rice

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

Constitutive and Inducible Aerobic and Anaerobic Stress Proteins in the Echinochloa Complex and Rice

Oxygen Initiation of Respiration and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Rice

Changes in the Mitochondrial Proteome during the Anoxia to Air Transition in Rice Focus around Cytochrome-containing Respiratory Complexes

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