Mitochondrial-type assembly of FeS centers in the hydrogenosomes of the amitochondriate eukaryote
            <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>

Šuták, Robert; Doležal, Pavel; Fiumera, Heather L.; Hrdý, Ivan; Dancis, Andrew; Delgadillo-Correa, Maria G.; Johnson, Patricia J.; Müller, Miklós; Tachezy, Jan

doi:10.1073/pnas.0401319101

Cited by 146 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…Posterior probabilities for some groups are shown, with a value of 1.0 representing maximum support. The strongly supported groups have also been recovered in previously published analyses using different methods, including maximum-likelihood, and different support measures including bootstrapping (Horner et al 1999;Rotte et al 2001). examined (Katinka et al 2001;LaGier et al 2003; but only the Trichomonas hydrogenosome (Sutak et al 2004) and Giardia mitosome (Tovar et al 2003) have actually been demonstrated to contain the pathway. Entamoeba is so far unique among eukaryotes in that it has lost the mitochondrial homologues of IscS and IscU (Loftus et al 2005), and instead it possesses genes for the homologous proteins NifS and NifU, acquired through horizontal gene transfer from a bacterium related to Campylobacter (Ali et al 2004;van der Giezen et al 2004).…”

Section: Conclusion Speculations and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 61%

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Embley

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

111

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Classical ideas for early eukaryotic evolution often posited a period of anaerobic evolution producing a nucleated phagocytic cell to engulf the mitochondrial endosymbiont, whose presence allowed the host to colonize emerging aerobic environments. This idea was given credence by the existence of contemporary anaerobic eukaryotes that were thought to primitively lack mitochondria, thus providing examples of the type of host cell needed. However, the groups key to this hypothesis have now been shown to contain previously overlooked mitochondrial homologues called hydrogenosomes or mitosomes; organelles that share common ancestry with mitochondria but which do not carry out aerobic respiration. Mapping these data on the unfolding eukaryotic tree reveals that secondary adaptation to anaerobic habitats is a reoccurring theme among eukaryotes. The apparent ubiquity of mitochondrial homologues bears testament to the importance of the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, perhaps as a founding event, in eukaryotic evolution. Comparative study of different mitochondrial homologues is needed to determine their fundamental importance for contemporary eukaryotic cells.

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Section: Conclusion Speculations and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 61%

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Embley

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

111

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“…Cysteine desulfurase (IscS) and a scaffold protein (IscU) carry out the crucial steps in biosynthesis of Fe-S centers. In eukaryotes, this process takes place exclusively in double membrane-bound organelles including mitochondria (11), hydrogenosomes (12), and chloroplasts (13). Phylogenetic analyses placed the Giardia IscS (GiiscS) within the mitochondrion͞ hydrogenosome clade (10,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitosomal proteins were stained in fixed G. intestinalis and T. vaginalis cells with mouse ␣-HA mAb (12). In double-labeling experiments, G. intestinalis clathrin heavy chain, disulfide isomerase, and GiiscU were detected with rabbit polyclonal Abs (A. Hehl, University of Zürich, Zürich; ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Percoll-purified hydrogenosomes and cytosol of T. vaginalis were prepared as described in ref. 12. Mitochondria were isolated from the S. cerevisiae strain YPH499 as described in ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cells were transformed and selected as described in ref. 12. Iterative BLAST searches were used to identify the Pam18 orthologous sequences from G. intestinalis (protein accession no.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Giardia mitosomes and trichomonad hydrogenosomes share a common mode of protein targeting

Doležal

Šmíd

Rada

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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138

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Mitochondria are archetypal organelles of endosymbiotic origin in eukaryotic cells. Some unicellular eukaryotes (protists) were considered to be primarily amitochondrial organisms that diverged from the eukaryotic lineage before the acquisition of the premitochondrial endosymbiont, but their amitochondrial status was recently challenged by the discovery of mitochondria-like double membrane-bound organelles called mitosomes. Here, we report that proteins targeted into mitosomes of Giardia intestinalis have targeting signals necessary and sufficient to be recognized by the mitosomal protein import machinery. Expression of these mitosomal proteins in Trichomonas vaginalis results in targeting to hydrogenosomes, a hydrogen-producing form of mitochondria. We identify, in Giardia and Trichomonas, proteins related to the component of the translocase in the inner membrane from mitochondria and the processing peptidase. A shared mode of protein targeting supports the hypothesis that mitosomes, hydrogenosomes, and mitochondria represent different forms of the same fundamental organelle having evolved under distinct selection pressures.biogenesis ͉ FeS cluster assembly ͉ Pam18 ͉ matrix-located processing peptidase ͉ ferredoxin

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Mitochondria: Methods for Preparation

Mühlenhoff

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Mitochondria are the main energy providers of the cell. Procedures developed for the isolation of pure and intact mitochondria have contributed considerably to the understanding of the complex biochemical functions of mitochondria, as they permit the application of detailed biochemical and biophysical techniques to the investigation of this organelle. This article describes the principles underlying the procedures for the isolation of mitochondria from a large variety of tissues and the techniques for assessing the quality of mitochondrial preparations. Special emphasis is given to cell fractionation protocols for the isolation of mitochondria from model organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Arabidopsis thaliana , cultured mammalian cells, and for the isolation of hydrogenosomes and mitosomes from amitochondriates. The special requirements for the determination of the mitochondrial proteome by high‐throughput mass spectrometry are discussed. Key Concepts: Cell fractionation is a summary term for the isolation of cell organelles and subcellular fractions from tissues and cultivated cells. Equilibrium centrifugation, a centrifugation technique by which particles are separated by virtue of their different densities in density gradients, is the most common technique for the preparation of highly enriched mitochondrial fractions. Differential centrifugation, a centrifugation technique by which subcellular particles are separated by virtue of their differences in sedimentation rates, is the most common technique of cell fractionation protocols. The mitochondrial proteome represents the whole set of proteins found within mitochondria. Mitosomes and hydrogenosomes are mitochondria‐related organelles from protists. A model organism is an experimental organism that is representative for a whole group of species. Models that are easy to manipulate tend to be the most widely used. A subcellular marker is a selected biomolecule that is confined to a specific organelle or suborganellar compartment and that may be used to determine the presence of this compartment in a subcellular fraction. The subfractionation of mitochondria involves techniques that allow the physical separation of individual mitochondrial compartments. The quality of a mitochondrial preparation is determined by the degree of other contaminating organelles, the level of specific mitochondrial activities and the degree of mitochondrial integrity.

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Mitochondrial-type assembly of FeS centers in the hydrogenosomes of the amitochondriate eukaryote Trichomonas vaginalis

Cited by 146 publications

References 50 publications

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Multiple secondary origins of the anaerobic lifestyle in eukaryotes

Giardia mitosomes and trichomonad hydrogenosomes share a common mode of protein targeting

Mitochondria: Methods for Preparation

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