Mixed convective heat transfer characteristics and mechanisms in structured packed beds

Analysis of natural convection and the generation of entropy within an enclosure filled with nanofluid-packed structured pebble beds subjected to an external magnetic field and thermal radiation

“…It has been found that these gaps have a minimal impact on the flow and heat transfer. According to the study conducted by Calis et al, when the gap size is 2 % of the particle size, there is a 0.5 % deviation compared to when the gap size is 1 % [5,9].…”

“…According to their research, natural convection has a significant impact on mixed convective heat transfer. In 2023, a study by Qu et al [9] examined the behavior of velocity and density fields in a packed bed with varying pebble sphere diameters. By analyzing how physical parameters affect mixed convective heat transfer, the research found that natural convection has a greater impact on heat transfer when there is a higher temperature difference between the fluid and solid, larger particle diameters, or decreased fluid temperature.…”

Numerical Simulation of Conjugate Mixed Convection in 3D Channel with Heat-Generating Flat Element and Symmetrical Solid Two-Fin System

“…Due to the complexity of modern problems and the need for a complete understanding of all processes occurring in the studied areas, it is necessary to conduct numerical studies as accurately and in as much detail as possible. As a result, special attention should be paid to the numerical modeling of mixed convection problems in spatial objects [27][28][29][30][31].…”