Mixed Logit Estimation of Radical Islamic Terrorism in Europe and North America

Barros, Carlos Pestana; Proença, Isabel

doi:10.1177/0022002704272829

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, on analyzing Basque market-listed companies in comparison with non-Basque listed companies, they concluded that the former show a negative performance as an externality of terrorism. Barros and Proença (2005) Time series analysis is also used to analyze generic characteristics of terrorist attacks. Enders and Sandler (2002) analyzed the pattern of transnational terrorism with a Fourier model.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eta: A Persistent Phenomenon

Barros

Gil-Alana²

2006

Defence and Peace Economics

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Most searchers performing unit root tests on terrorism series reject the null hypothesis of unit roots (I(1)) and conclude that terrorism is stationary (I(0)). In this paper we analyze ETA activity in Spain during the last 30 years by means of examining its degree of dependence across time, using fractional integration or I(d) techniques. The results show that the activity of ETA is persistent to some extent, with an order of integration of about 0.40, implying stationarity, but also long memory behavior. We argue that this strong degree of dependence between the observations might be explained by the historical background underlying the political conflict in the area. In addition, the results indicate that the most significant factors contributing to a reduction of violence are those related to political pacts among the political parties in the Basque region. In order to put an end to ETA's violence, these accords should involve both nationalist and non-nationalist groups.Terrorism, ETA, Fractional integration, Long memory,

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eta: A Persistent Phenomenon

Barros

Gil-Alana²

2006

Defence and Peace Economics

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“…The degree of effects may be statistically measured by the use of standard deviations from the mean.Terrorist attacks are a good example of events whose seriousness is in large part a consequence of the size of their potential effects. Although the incidence of attacks is capable of being modelled (Enders and Sandler 2002, Tavares 2004, Enders and Sandler 2006 and has also, overall, been in decline worldwide since the early 1990s Sandler 2002, Sandler andEnders 2004), the scale of the largest individual attacks has been increasing and the type and scale of attacks differ widely from year to year (Tilly 2004, Tavares 2004) and between terrorist organizations (Tilly 2004, Barros andProença 2005). 8.…”

Section: 11risk Identification and Categorization Of Port And Parmentioning

confidence: 99%

Port risk management and Public Private Partnerships: factors relating to risk allocation and risk sustainability

Handley-Schachler

Navare

2010

WRITR

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Ports are complex operations involving government and private-sector partners in creating economic benefits and in identifying, managing and absorbing economic, environmental and security risks. Allocation and assessment of risks is necessitated and facilitated by the diversity of organisations involved. Allocation of the cost of risks among the partners or its transfer to outside agencies through insurance or financing arrangements is essential. However, this allocation is not purely a function of attributes of the risks themselves and their controllability by each of the partners but depends in part on factors such as power structures within partnerships and capacity to absorb risks.

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“…Such terrorist attacks are anticipated to have more indiscriminate killings and U.S. targets. The Barros and Proença (2005) article investigates the characteristics that distinguish Islamic from other terrorist attacks. Using ITERATE data from October 1979 to December 2002, the authors create a dependent variable indicating whether the terrorist incident is by a radical Islamic group.…”

Section: Special Issue Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Political Economy of Transnational Terrorism

Rosendorff

Sandler

2005

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Clearly,theeventsof September 11, 2001 (henceforth 9/11), heightened the public's awareness of the threat posed by modern-day terrorism. For global society, 9/11 was a defining moment for a number of reasons. First, the sheer magnitude of the attack and the resulting carnage of almost 3,000 killed were unprecedented in terms of terrorist attacks. Second, the associated financial losses and repercussions of $80 to $90 billion was far greater than those associated with the most catastrophic natural disaster to date (Kunreuther and Michel-Kerjan 2004). Financial consequences were particularly heavy on the airline industry, tourism, and insurance. Third, 9/11 aptly underscored the vulnerabilities of modern society to terrorist attacks that could use an everyday object to cause havoc and terror. Fourth, 9/11 created an ongoing financial commitment to homeland security that devours scarce resources. Fifth, 9/11 set the bar for future attacks as terrorists try to outdo the magnitude of past attacks to capture and maintain media attention. In their quest to eventually top 9/11, terrorists will resort to larger conventional attacks or even weapons of mass destruction, most likely chemical or radiological in nature.Another defining moment came on March 11, 2004 (henceforth 3/11), with the attacks on the Madrid commuter trains and stations where 191 died and more than 1,200 were injured. The events of 3/11 made clear that such callous and deadly attacks could occur virtually anywhere. Nations that support a prime-target nation, such as the United States, may itself become a venue for terrorism. The Madrid attacks also showed that a well-timed terrorist incident could have significant political ramifications. In addition, 3/11 demonstrated that terrorists will respond to security upgrades

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Mixed Logit Estimation of Radical Islamic Terrorism in Europe and North America

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Eta: A Persistent Phenomenon

Eta: A Persistent Phenomenon

Port risk management and Public Private Partnerships: factors relating to risk allocation and risk sustainability

The Political Economy of Transnational Terrorism

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