Mixed Mesodermal and Mesenchymal Origin of Myotomal Muscles in Pike (Esox lucius: Teleostei)

Abstract

During the myotomal myogenesis in pike (Esox lucius) two phases of muscle differentiation can be distinguished. In the first phase, the somite cells-derived stock, the primary myoblasts (of mesodermal origin), fuse to form multinucleate myotubes. Participation of myotomal cells of mesodermal origin is insufficient for further muscle development. In the second stage mesenchymal cells migrate, via myosepts, into the myotome between myotubes. Immunocytochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (marker of S phase of cell cycle) showed their mitotic activity. Transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that the differentiation of these cells depends on their position. Cells remaining in the myosepts develop into fibroblasts and produce collagen fibres, while those that have migrated into the myotomes transform into secondary myoblasts. Mesenchymal cells in the studied species are believed to participate in hypertrophy and hyperplasy of muscle fibres. Thus the muscle fibres in pike (E. lucius) are of mesodermal-mesenchymal origin.

The Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) - fish or amphibian pattern of muscle development?

“…thymallus (Merkel, 1995), B. rerio (Waterman, 1996, after Johnston, 2001, R. frisii meidingeri (Stoiber and Sänger, 1996), E. lucius (Kacperczyk and Daczewska, 2006), show the same structural pattern. They are built by a layer of tightly adjoining circumferential cells covering a centrally located group of more loosely arranged round cells.…”

“…In fishes, fusion-associated vesicles have been observed during myogenesis in O. mykiss (Nag and Nurse, 1972), M. glutinosa (Sandset and Konrneliussen, 1978) and Th. thymallus (Merkel, 1995), E. lucius (Kacperczyk and Daczewska, 2006). Fusion-associated vesicles have been also found under the plasma membrane in the satellite cells of the sonic muscle in toadfish (Opsanus tau) (Loesser'et al, 1997).…”

“…Myosatellite cells are quiescent in adult muscle, but act as and chondrosteand. In Chondrostei (Acipenseridae), myoblasts derived from the somite fuse to form multinucleated muscle lamellae (flattened form of muscle fibres), whereas in teleosts, such as pike (Esox lucius) (Kacperczyk and Daczewska, 2006), European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), (Merkel, 1995), zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), (Waterman, 1996, after Johnston, 2001) and European pearlfish (Rutilus frisii meidingeri) (Stoiber and Sänger, 1996), myoblast fusion results in formation of mutinucleated muscle fibres (Daczewska, 2006). However, there are also some differences in embryonic muscle fibre formation between fishes and amphibians.…”

Reptilian myotomal myogenesis—lessons from the sand lizard Lacerta agilis L. (Reptilia, Lacertidae)

“…This is indicated by the presence of numerous vesicles in the subsarcolemmal sarcoplasm of muscle fibers and the partial fusion of muscle fiber and mononucleated cell plasma membranes. Similar vesicles have been found below the plasmalemma of fusing chick myoblasts in vitro (Kalderon and Gilula, 1979) and in vivo during teleost myotomal myogenesis in the European grayling, Thymallus thymallus, and pike, Esox lucius (Merkel, 1995;Kacperczyk and Daczewska, 2006). According to Orlov et al (1989), who analyzed chick myogenic cell fusion in TEM, the fusion-associated vesicles are always present below the plasmalemma of more advanced myogenic cells.…”

Muscle stem cells and model systems for their investigation

“…Previous work revealed that the earliest populations of presumptive myogenic cells arose from several zones of the early somite (Vegeetti et al, 1990;Rowlerson and Veggetti, 2001). It has also been suggested that muscle growth becomes powered by mesenchymal cells, which migrate by means of myosepta into myotomes (Stoiber and Sä nger, 1996;Kacperczyk and Daczewska, 2005).…”