Mixed-methods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men

Newton, Robert U.; Häkkinen, Keijo; Häkkinen, Arja; McCormick, Matt; Volek, Jeff S.; Kraemer, William J.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200208000-00020

Cited by 174 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It was surprising that despite a well-controlled exercise program the true changes in the most of measured parameters were difficult to detect. The present study confirms that mixed strength training methods could affect more clearly neuromuscular performance and its explanatory mechanisms than power training alone as Newton et al (2002) and Lyttle et al (1996) have demonstrated. Thus, future training studies should focus on developing new parameters besides the conventionally employed MVC and RFD.…”

Section: Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In other words, the present subjects reached their limit in improving their neuromuscular performance with the poweronly training protocol utilized in this investigation. Previous studies (Lyttle et al, 1996;Newton et al, 2002) have suggested that heavy resistance strength training together with power training may better affect improvements in performance than power training alone. Newton et al (2002) demonstrated that mixed-methods resistance-training increased both muscle strength and power, while Lyttle et al (1996) found that a combination of plyometric and weight training was superior in comparison with ballistic resistance training for increasing jumping performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance

Kyröläinen

Avela

McBride

et al. 2005

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

144

103

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The present study examines changes in muscle structure and neuromuscular performance induced by 15 weeks of power training with explosive muscle actions. Twenty‐three subjects, including 10 controls, volunteered for the study. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the gastrocnemius muscle before and after the training period, while maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) and drop jump tests were performed once every fifth week. No statistically significant improvements in MVC of the knee extensor (KE) and plantarflexor muscles were observed during the training period. However, the maximal rate of force development (RFD) of KE increased from 18 836±4282 to 25 443±8897 N (P<0.05) during the first 10 weeks of training. In addition, vertical jump height (vertical rise of the center of body mass) in the drop jump test increased significantly (P<0.01). Simultaneously, explosive force production of KE muscles measured as knee moment and power increased significantly; however, there was no significant change (P>0.05) in muscle activity (electromyography) of KE. The mean percentage for myosin heavy chain and titin isoforms, muscle fiber‐type distributions and areas were unchanged. The enhanced performance in jumping as a result of power training can be explained, in part, by some modification in the joint control strategy and/or increased RFD capabilities of the KE.

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Section: Perspectivessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance

Kyröläinen

Avela

McBride

et al. 2005

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

144

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…6 However, BMR-induced stair climbing time reductions were higher in this group and power increased more in elderly female subjects with respect to the other subjects, therefore indicating that the adaptive capacity of stair climbing performance was superior in individuals with low initial values (see also below). Previous research demonstrated similar improvements in whole muscle characteristics among elderly men and women 25,26 and among young and old nonobese subjects 27,28 following resistance training protocols. However, little is known on the differential adaptability of elderly male vs female or young vs old obese subject and for the first time, the present study demonstrated that older obese women increased power more than their male and young counterparts.…”

Section: Stair Climbing Power In Obese Patientsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Elderly obese women display the greatest improvement in stair climbing performance after a 3-week body mass reduction program

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether stair climbing performance and body composition are similarly affected by a body mass reduction (BMR) program in obese individuals of different gender, age and body mass index (BMI) level. DESIGN: Longitudinal, clinical intervention study entailing energy-restricted diet (5023-7535 kJ/day), nutritional education, psychological counselling and moderate physical activity (indoor cycling, outdoor walking, gymnastics routines, five sessions/ week) during a 3-week period. SUBJECTS: A total of 466 male and 807 female subjects categorized as a function of gender, age (o vs Z50 y) and BMI (o vs Z40 kg/m 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: Body mass, stair climbing time and power before and after the BMR program. Fat-free mass and fat mass were also evaluated by bioimpedance analysis, in a representative subgroup of 160 patients, to evaluate the relation between fat-free mass and power output. RESULTS: Body mass, fat-free mass and fat mass significantly decreased following the BMR program (Po0.001), with male subjects reducing body mass and fat-free mass more than and fat mass less than the female subjects. Stair climbing time decreased (Po0.001) and therefore anaerobic power significantly increased 9.7% after the treatment. The greatest improvement in stair climbing performance was observed in obese women aged Z50 y. Significant inverse correlations were found between initial power or fat-free mass level and respective percent increases (R ¼ À0.35/À0.37, Po0.001) and between BMR-induced percent changes in body mass and power (R ¼ À0.13, Po0.001). CONCLUSION: Subjects with the lowest baseline level in stair climbing performance (and probably with the lowest amount of fatfree mass), that is, obese women aged more than 50 y, obtained the largest enhancement after the 3-week BMR program, likely improving overall functional capacities and resulting in greater independence during daily-living activities in such a population.

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“…Em outras pesquisas (SCHLICHT et al, 2001;SCHOT et al, 2003), os resultados também foram expressivos. Newton et al (2002) verificaram os efeitos de um programa de treinamento contra resistência no período de 10 semanas. Nesse programa, foi manipulada, entre outras variáveis, a força máxima.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Ganhos de força muscular por adaptação neural em idosas

Côrtes¹,

Côrtes²,

Neto³

2008

Revista Vértices

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Definir as proporcionalidades da perda de força muscular é um fator relevante para a construção de programas de recomposição. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os ganhos de força muscular pelo teste de 1 RM, nos diversos segmentos musculares, num grupo de 30 idosas. Os resultados foram significativos (p<0,05); entretanto, os membros inferiores obtiveram maiores escores, 43,50% no Leg press contra 14% no supino, concluindo-se que em grupamentos musculares maiores os ganhos são mais expressivos.

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Mixed-methods resistance training increases power and strength of young and older men

Abstract: Although the results of this study confirm age-related reductions in muscle strength and power, the older men did demonstrate similar capacity to young men for increases in these variables via an appropriate periodized resistance-training program that includes rapid, high-power exercises.

Cited by 174 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance

Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance

Elderly obese women display the greatest improvement in stair climbing performance after a 3-week body mass reduction program

Ganhos de força muscular por adaptação neural em idosas

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