Mixed-species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale malaria in a paediatric returned traveller

Senn, Heather; Alattas, Nadia; Boggild, Andrea K.; Morris, Shaun K.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-78

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…It is widely known that niche sharing leads to competition; thus, in order to avoid intrahost competition, P. ovale might not associate with P. vivax in a coinfection. The present epidemiological finding in India together with similar finding in other malaria endemic countries on coexistence of five different species at different combinations (Canada, P. ovale and P. falciparum [ 61 ]; China-Myanmar border, P. malariae and P. ovale [ 44 ]; Switzerland, P. falciparum and P. malariae [ 62 ]; and China, P. knowlesi and P. falciparum [ 63 ]) on the differential species infection in a single host can be discussed by the “hitchhiking” hypothesis [ 64 ]. Accordingly, when two different species coinfect a single host, one parasite species is unable to manipulate the host machinery, getting benefit from the manipulative potential of the other species [ 64 ].…”

Section: Mixed Malaria Infection: Adaptive Evolution Favouring Parsupporting

confidence: 88%

Can Mixed Parasite Infections Thwart Targeted Malaria Elimination Program in India?

Singh

Siwal

Pande

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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India is highly endemic to malaria with prevalence of all five species of human malaria parasites of Plasmodium genus. India is set for malaria elimination by 2030. Since cases of mixed Plasmodium species infections remain usually undetected but cause huge disease burden, in order to understand the distributional prevalence of both monospecies infections and mixed species infections in India, we collated published data on the differential infection incidences of the five different malaria parasites based on PCR diagnostic assay. About 11% of total cases were due to mixed species infection. Among several interesting observations on both single and mixed parasitic infections, incidences of Plasmodium falciparum monoinfection were found to be significantly higher than P. vivax monoinfection. Also, P. malariae seems to be emerging as a potential malaria threat in India. Putting all the facts together, it appears that the dream of achieving malaria elimination in India will not be completely successful without dealing with mixed species infection.

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Section: Mixed Malaria Infection: Adaptive Evolution Favouring Parsupporting

confidence: 88%

Can Mixed Parasite Infections Thwart Targeted Malaria Elimination Program in India?

Singh

Siwal

Pande

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…All the cases we had here were of P. falciparum but mixed - species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale malaria have been reported [35]. Results show that PF infection puts both the mother and the fetus at risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Clinical malaria among pregnant women on combined insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Yaounde, Cameroon

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMalaria remains a burden for pregnant women and the under 5. Intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women (IPTp) for malaria with sulfadoxine – pyrimethamine (SP) has since replaced prophylaxis and legislation has been reinforced in the area of insecticide treated mosquito nets (ITNs) in Cameroon. Clinical malaria despite all these measures remains a problem. We compared the socio-obstetrical characteristics of women who developed clinical malaria and those who did not though in the same regimen.MethodsA 5 – year nested cohort study (2007 – 2011 inclusive) at the tertiary level hospitals in Yaounde. Pregnant women who willingly accepted to participate in the study were enrolled at booking and three doses of SP were administered between 18 – 20 weeks of gestation, between 26–28 weeks and between 32 – 34 weeks. Those who developed clinical malaria were considered as cases and were compared for socio – obstetrical characteristics with those who did not. Venous blood was drawn from the women in both arms for parasite density estimation and identification and all the clinical cases were treated conventionally.ResultsEach arm had 166 cases and many women who developed clinical malaria were between 15 and 19 years (OR 5.5, 95% CI 3.9 – 5.3, p < 0.001). They were of low gravidity (OR 6.5, 95% CI 3.8 – 11.3, p < 0.001) as well as low parity (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.7 – 7.9, p < 0.001). The cases were single women (OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.54 – 8.26, p < 0.001) and had attained only primary level of education (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.8 – 7.9, p < 0.001). Gestational ages were between 20 to 30 weeks during clinical malaria (OR 6.8, 95% CI 4.1 – 11.7, p < 0.001). The time between the first and second dose of SP was longer than ten weeks in the cases (OR 5.5, 95% CI 3.2 – 9.3, p < 0.001) and parasite density was higher also among the cases (OR 6.9, 95% CI 5.9 – 12.1, p < 0.001).ConclusionLong spacing between the first and second dose of SP seemed to be responsible for clinical malaria in the cases.

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“…In this current study, IgG responses to recombinant MSP-1 19 antigens (an indication of prior exposure to Plasmodium antigens) from the four major human Plasmodium species were evaluated in three Zimbabwean villages with meso-endemic malaria transmission dynamics. Individuals living in malaria-endemic regions may harbour multiple Plasmodium species owing to the geographical overlap of the four major human Plasmodium species [ 4 , 19 , 20 ]. Malaria diagnosis in most African field settings is largely by microscopy of blood films, which reports the presence or absence of Plasmodium parasites without cognisance to the species causing disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of Plasmodium species infections in Zimbabwean population

Amanfo

Mduluza

Midzi

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundIndividuals living in malaria-endemic regions may be exposed to more than one Plasmodium species; there is paucity of data on the distribution of the different species of Plasmodium in affected populations, in part due to the diagnostic method of microscopy, which cannot easily differentiate between the species. Sero-epidemiological data can overcome some of the shortcomings of microscopy.MethodsThe specificity of IgG antibodies to recombinant merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-119) derived from four human Plasmodium species (Plasmodiumfalciparum, Plasmodiumvivax, Plasmodiummalariae, Plasmodiumovale) was investigated using competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subsequently, these antigens were used to determine the exposure prevalence to the different Plasmodium species in serum samples of participants. One-hundred individuals, aged five-18 years, from each of the three Plasmodium meso-endemic Zimbabwean villages (Burma Valley, Mutoko, Chiredzi) were recruited in the study.ResultsThe study demonstrated that the host serum reactivity to MSP-119 antigens was species-specific and that no cross-reactivity occurred. The overall prevalence of antibody response to MSP-119 antigens was 61 % in Burma Valley, 31 % in Mutoko and 32 % in Chiredzi. Single species IgG responses to MSP-119 were most frequent against P. falciparum, followed by P. malariae and P. ovale, with responses to P. vivax being the least prevalent. Interestingly, 78–87 and 50 % of sera with IgG responses to P. malariae and P. ovale MSP-119, respectively, also had IgG specific response for P. falciparum MSP-119 antigens, indicating that exposure to these species is a common occurrence in these populations. Single species IgG responses to the non-falciparum species were at a very low frequency, ranging between 0 and 13 % for P. malariae.ConclusionsThere is evidence of a higher exposure to the non-falciparum parasite species than previously reported in Zimbabwe. The recombinant MSP-119 antigens could be used as additional diagnostic tools in antibody assays for the detection of exposure to the different Plasmodium species. The results also introduce an interesting concept of the co-infection of non-falciparum Plasmodium almost always with P. falciparum, which requires further validation and mechanistic studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1325-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mixed-species Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale malaria in a paediatric returned traveller

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Can Mixed Parasite Infections Thwart Targeted Malaria Elimination Program in India?

Can Mixed Parasite Infections Thwart Targeted Malaria Elimination Program in India?

Clinical malaria among pregnant women on combined insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in Yaounde, Cameroon

Seroepidemiology of Plasmodium species infections in Zimbabwean population

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