Mixing &lt;i&gt;Ginkgo biloba&lt;/i&gt; Extract with Sesame Extract and Turmeric Oil Increases Bioavailability of Ginkgolide A in Mice Brain

Iwamoto, Kazuko; Kawamoto, Hirokazu; Takeshita, Fumiaki; Matsumura, Shinichi; Ayaki, Ikuto; Moriyama, Tatsuya; Zaima, Nobuhiro

doi:10.5650/jos.ess19135

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Turmeric and ginger are likely to probably secrete secondary metabolites, which increase the content of Actinomycetes contents in the rhizosphere of patchouli, thereby, and it enhances the defense against pathogenic bacteria. The volatile oil components released by from turmeric and ginger have a bactericidal effect ( Iwamoto et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, the volatile oils may be released into the soil by the roots and inhibit some harmful microorganism in the soils, thereby increasing the diversity and abundance of beneficial microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping With Turmeric or Ginger Reduce the Continuous Cropping Obstacles That Affect Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli)

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Continuous cropping (CC) restricts the development of the medicinal plant cultivation industry because it alters soil properties and the soil microbial micro-ecological environment. It can also lead to reductions in the chemical contents of medicinal plants. In this study, we intercropped continuously cropped Pogostemon cablin (patchouli) with turmeric or ginger. High-throughput sequencing was used to study the soil bacteria and fungi. Community composition, diversity, colony structure, and colony differences were also analyzed. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to study the interactions between soil physical and chemical factors, and the bacteria and fungi. The correlations between the soil community and the soil physical and chemical properties were also investigated. The results showed that intercropping turmeric and ginger with patchouli can improve soil microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure by boosting the number of dominant bacteria, and by improving soil bacterial metabolism and the activities of soil enzymes. They also modify the soil physical and chemical properties through changes in enzyme activity, soil pH, and soil exchangeable Ca (Ca). In summary, turmeric and ginger affect the distribution of dominant bacteria, and increase the contents of the active ingredient in patchouli. The results from this study suggested that the problems associated with continuously cropping patchouli can be ameliorated by intercropping it with turmeric and ginger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping With Turmeric or Ginger Reduce the Continuous Cropping Obstacles That Affect Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli)

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…To explore the mechanism of low bioavailability of ASD, ASD was intragastrically administrated with vegetable oil to improve solubility, pretreated metronidazole to inhibit intestinal flora, verapamil to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and with urea to enhance intestinal penetration (Beig et al, 2016;Soto et al, 2018;Iwamoto et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019). Thirty male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n 5 per group) and fasted for 12 h before test drug administration.…”

Section: Dosing and Pharmacokinetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Excretion and Metabolism Studies of Akebia Saponin D in Rats: Causes of the Ultra-Low Oral Bioavailability and Metabolic Pathway

Peng²,

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Akebia saponin D (ASD) has a variety of biological activities and great medicinal potential, but its oral bioavailability is so low as to limit its development. Its pharmacokinetic profiles and excretion and metabolism in vivo have not been fully elucidated. This study was an attempt in this area.Methods: A simple LC-MS/MS method to simultaneously quantify ASD and its metabolites M1∼M5 in rat plasma, feces, urine and bile was established with a negative ESI model using dexketoprofen as the internal standard. Meanwhile, the UPLC-HR/MS system was used to screen all possible metabolites in the urine, feces and bile of rats, as compared with blank samples collected before administration. Absolute quantitative analysis was for M0, M3, M4, and M5, while semi-quantitative analysis was for M1, M2, and Orbitrap data.Results: The AUC0-t values after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg and intragastrical administration of 100 mg/kg ASD were 19.05 ± 8.64 and 0.047 ± 0.030 h*μg/ml respectively. The oral bioavailability was determined to be extremely low (0.025%) in rats. The exposure of M4 and M5 in the oral group was higher than that of M0 in the terminal phase of the plasma concentration time profile, and ASD was stable in the liver microsome incubation system of rats, but metabolism was relatively rapid during anaerobic incubation of intestinal contents of rats, suggesting that the low bioavailability of ASD might have been attributed to the poor gastrointestinal permeability and extensive pre-absorption degradation rather than to the potent first pass metabolism. This assertion was further verified by a series of intervention studies, where improvement of lipid solubility and intestinal permeability as well as inhibition of intestinal flora increased the relative bioavailability to different extents without being changed by P-gp inhibition. After intravenous administration, the cumulative excretion rates of ASD in the urine and bile were 14.79 ± 1.87%, and 21.76 ± 17.61% respectively, but only 0.011% in feces, suggesting that the urine and bile were the main excretion pathways and that there was a large amount of biotransformation in the gastrointestinal tract. Fifteen possible metabolites were observed in the urine, feces and bile. The main metabolites were ASD deglycosylation, demethylation, dehydroxylation, decarbonylation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, hydroxymethylation, hydroxyethylation and hydrolysis.Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, metabolism and excretion of ASD in rats were systematically evaluated for the first time in this study. It has been confirmed that the ultra-low oral bioavailability is due to poor gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-absorption degradation and biotransformation. ASD after iv administration is not only excreted by the urine and bile, but possibly undergoes complex metabolic elimination.

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“…Since terpene lactones were reported to reduce caspase-3 activation and amyloid-β aggregation and protect the mitochondrial membrane, they can be expected to protect the neurons from apoptosis and amyloid-β toxicity [14]. However, since the concentration of terpene lactones in the CNS might be very low in vivo [12,15], the effect of GBE on cognitive function may be exclusively explained by improvement in the cerebral blood flow. Administration of a mixture of GBE, sesame seed, and turmeric (GBE/MST) was reported to increase the concentration of terpene lactones in the mouse brain [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since the concentration of terpene lactones in the CNS might be very low in vivo [12,15], the effect of GBE on cognitive function may be exclusively explained by improvement in the cerebral blood flow. Administration of a mixture of GBE, sesame seed, and turmeric (GBE/MST) was reported to increase the concentration of terpene lactones in the mouse brain [15]. The aforementioned study reported that the concentration of bilobalide, a terpene lactone, in the brain was not significantly different between the GBE alone and GBE/MST groups (mean ± standard error of the mean: 1.30±0.31 and 0.75±0.24 μg/mg, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a mixture of Ginkgo biloba, sesame, and turmeric on cognitive function in healthy adults: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2023

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Background and purpose Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) reportedly ameliorates cognitive function in patients with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. However, its efficacy in healthy adults is ambiguous. It was reported that concentrations of terpene lactones, active components of GBE that are present in very low concentrations in the brain, were significantly increased following administration of a mixture of GBE, sesame seed, and turmeric (GBE/MST) in mice. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of GBE/MST on the cognitive function of healthy adults by comparing it with that of GBE alone. Methods Altogether, 159 participants providing informed consent will be recruited from a population of healthy adults aged 20–64 years. Normal cognitive function at baseline will be confirmed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment battery. Participants will be randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to the GBE/MST, GBE, and placebo groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The Wechsler Memory Scale, Trail Making Test, and Stroop Color and Word Test will be used to assess the memory and executive functions at baseline and at the endpoint (24 weeks). For biological assessment, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) will be performed simultaneously with the neuropsychological tests. Discussion This study aims to obtain data that can help compare the profile changes in memory and executive functions among participants consuming GBE/MST, GBE alone, and placebo for 24 weeks. Alterations in the default mode network will be evaluated by comparing the rs-fMRI findings between baseline and 24 weeks in the aforementioned groups. Our results may clarify the impact of GBE on cognitive function and the functional mechanism behind altered cognitive function induced by GBE components. Trial registration This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; registration number: UMIN000043494). This information can be searched on the website of the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal of the World Health Organization under the Japan Primary Registries Network.

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Mixing <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract with Sesame Extract and Turmeric Oil Increases Bioavailability of Ginkgolide A in Mice Brain

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Intercropping With Turmeric or Ginger Reduce the Continuous Cropping Obstacles That Affect Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli)

Intercropping With Turmeric or Ginger Reduce the Continuous Cropping Obstacles That Affect Pogostemon cablin (Patchouli)

Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Excretion and Metabolism Studies of Akebia Saponin D in Rats: Causes of the Ultra-Low Oral Bioavailability and Metabolic Pathway

Efficacy of a mixture of Ginkgo biloba, sesame, and turmeric on cognitive function in healthy adults: Study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

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