Mixing of Fe3O4 nanoparticles under electromagnetic and shear conditions for wastewater treatment applications

Abstract

The ability of heavy metals to accumulate in living organisms, combined with the fact that they are not biodegradable, necessitates an expansion and improvement of the existing water purification methods. An effective mixing of contaminated water with heavy metals and magnetic nanoparticles is crucial for water treatment applications. In the present work, electromagnetic and shear mixing are combined to explore optimization mixing strategies. Mixing is studied through simulations under various initial conditions for two streams that are loaded with nanoparticles and one contaminated water stream that lies between the nanoparticle streams. In the present work, magnetic mixing is superimposed with a time-modulated gradient external magnetic field. The results show that as the radius ratio between the nanoparticles and the heavy metals increases, the external magnetic field is more effective insofar as the mixing of the nanoparticles is concerned. Moreover, for simulations where the radius ratio is higher or equal to 10, an effective mixing is achieved. By comparing the velocity ratios, a better mixing is achieved in the case of higher velocity ratios. Also, minor effects on mixing are observed by comparing the ratios Vp/Vc = 10 and Vp/Vc = 20.

Numerical analysis for thermal performance of magnetized radiative nanofluid with variable density

“…The new transformed equations are, ℎ 𝑛 (𝛿𝑙 𝑛 + 𝛿𝑙 𝑛−1 ) = (𝑟 5 ) 𝑛 (39) The equations are given below in their condensed form, once more utilizing equations (35)(36)(37)(38)(39) in equations (30)(31)(32)(33); Recalling the precise boundary conditions without iteration, we take steps to make sure that these correct values are preserved across all iterations.…”

“…Rajesh et al [37] analyzed the exact analytical solutions of hybrid nanofluid flow for heat transfer characteristics along the vertical infinite surface with ramped-temperature. Liosis et al [38] studied the combined form of shear and electromagnetic mixing to compute optimization mixing strategies under various initial conditions. The Carreau nanofluid phenomenon for concentration and heat characteristics with variable properties effects along stretchable surface has been considered in [39].…”

Enhancing Mixing Performance in a Rotating Disk Mixing Chamber: A Quantitative Investigation of the Effect of Euler and Coriolis Forces

“…Hejazian and Nguyen [27] demonstrated that a non-uniform magnetic field in the Y-channel between deionized (DI) water and ferrofluid led to secondary flow, and higher ferrofluid concentration was more effective in mixing. A magnetic field-driven active mixer could also be applied to purify the water by mixing nanoparticles, which can capture the heavy metal with the water [28][29][30][31]. These active methods enhance the mixing performance rapidly, but need additional force or energy generation devices, as well as complex control and detecting systems.…”