Mixing two different propolis samples potentiates their antimicrobial activity and wound healing property: A novel approach in wound healing and infection

Abstract

Aim:The study aimed to investigate whether mixing two different propolis samples can potentiate their biological activity. This hypothesis was tested by studying the effect of mixed propolis on microbial growth and wound healing and compared with the effect of each propolis individually.Materials and Methods:The effect of mixing two different propolis extracts (A and B) collected from different locations in Iraq on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was studied by minimum inhibitory concentration assessment and compared with the effect of each propolis. Wound healing effect of the mixed propolis was studied. Twenty-four rabbits were used for the experiment, and they were assigned to four groups. Wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit and treated by topical application of 1 mL of either mixed propolis, propolis A, or propolis B extracts or were kept without treatment as a control. Macroscopic wound evaluation was performed with an assessment of wound size, wound recovery, redness, edema, discharge, granulation tissue, and epithelialization.Results:Propolis A was more potent than propolis B extracts to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans (p<0.05). However, mixed propolis showed a higher antimicrobial activity toward all the pathogens than propolis A or propolis B extract individually (p<0.05). Furthermore, propolis A and propolis B extracts showed favorable effects on wound healing which was more pronounced with propolis A extract. Interestingly, mixed propolis accelerated wound healing faster than propolis A or propolis B extracts, and it shortened the time of reepithelialization (p<0.05).Conclusion:This study demonstrates for the first time that mixing different propolis samples possesses a higher antimicrobial activity and higher wound healing property than individual propolis. This approach could pave the way for the development of more effective antimicrobials and wound healing agents.

Antioxidant activity and protective effect of propolis against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver and kidney injury by modulation of oxidative parameters

“…It contains various chemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and inorganic compounds [7,8]. It has been shown that propolis collected from different areas has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, immunostimulant, wound healing, radioprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-Alzheimer activities [5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Propolis has a protective effect on kidney and liver injury [15,16].…”

Propolis particles incorporated in aqueous formulations with enhanced antibacterial performance

“…Although both carrier phases are widely used in literature for dissolving propolis extracts for MIC assays ( Uzel et al., 2005 ; Mohammadzadeh et al., 2007 ; Silva, Rodrigues, Feás & Estevinho, 2012 ; Freitas, Cunha, Cardoso, Oliveira & Almeida-Aguiar, 2019 ), they are usually added in overall more dilute concentrations ( Moncla et al., 2012 ; Regueira et al., 2017 ; Belwal et al., 2018 ), to cells suspended in broth ( Morais, Moreira, Feás & Estevinho, 2011 ; Ristivojević et al., 2018 ; Freitas et al., 2019 ) which provides nutrients for the bacteria population to grow ( Silva et al., 2012 ; Al-Waili, 2018 ; Ristivojević et al., 2018 ) rather than at stationary phase in PBS. Furthermore, during a 37 °C incubation, part of the ethanol (particularly at such low concentrations) can evaporate, minimising/masking its antibacterial contribution.…”

Propolis ‘Contribution to the Healing of Anastomosis by Preventing Surgical Wound Infection

“…Literatürde propolisin diabetik ayak ülserlerinde (8,9) , dental müdahale sonrası gingivada (10) , tavşanlarda deneysel sırt yarasında (11) , gluteofemoral cilt fistüllerinde (12) , kronik iyileşmeyen ya da nükseden yaralarda (13,14) , in vitro ortamında (15)(16)(17)(18) ve Covid-19 infeksiyonunda (19) başarılı kullanımı ile ilgili pek çok yayın vardır. pek çok stres faktörünü algıladığı zaman bu proteinlerin ekspresyonları uyarılır (20) .…”