Mixotrophic ability of the phototrophic dinoflagellates Alexandrium andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus

Lee, Kyung Ha; Jeong, Hae Jin; Kwon, Ji Eun; Kang, Hee Chang; Kim, Ji Hye; Jang, Se Hyeon; Park, Jae Yeon; Yoon, Eun Young; Kim, Jae Seong

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.09.008

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Examples of mixotrophic HAB species include low biomass (100-1000 cells/L) blooming dinoflagellates, such as Alexandrium spp. (Anderson et al 2012b;Lee et al 2016) and Dinophysis spp. (Jacobson & Andersen 1994), and also high biomass (>10 000 cells/L) blooming species such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Contributing To Hab Initiation and Toxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Brown

Lilley

Shutler

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

140

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Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector globally and protein provisioning from aquaculture now exceeds that from wild capture fisheries. There is clear potential for the further expansion of marine aquaculture (mariculture), but there are associated risks. Some naturally occurring algae can proliferate under certain environmental conditions, causing deoxygenation of seawater, or releasing toxic compounds (phycotoxins), which can harm wild and cultured finfish and shellfish, and also human consumers. The impacts of these so-called harmful algal blooms (HABs) amount to approximately 8 $billion/yr globally, due to mass mortalities in finfish, harvesting bans preventing the sale of shellfish that have accumulated unsafe levels of HAB phycotoxins and unavoided human health costs. Here, we provide a critical review and analysis of HAB impacts on mariculture (and wild capture fisheries) and recommend research to identify ways to minimise their impacts to the industry. We examine causal factors for HAB development in inshore versus offshore locations and consider how mariculture itself, in its various forms, may exacerbate or mitigate HAB risk. From a management perspective, there is considerable scope for strategic siting of offshore mariculture and holistic Environmental Approaches for Aquaculture, such as offsetting nutrient outputs from finfish farming, via the co-location of extractive shellfish and macroalgae. Such pre-emptive, ecosystem-based approaches are preferable to reactive physical, chemical or microbiological control measures aiming to remove or neutralise HABs and their phycotxins. To facilitate mariculture expansion and long-term sustainability, it is also essential to evaluate HAB risk in conjunction with climate change.

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Section: Environmental Factors Contributing To Hab Initiation and Toxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Brown

Lilley

Shutler

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

140

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“…For a long time, phototrophic dinoflagellates had been treated as obligate autotrophic dinoflagellates; thus, scientists had mainly studied their abiotic growth factors, such as light and nutrient availability (Eppley 1972, Egge and Aksnes 1992. However, in the last three decades, many phototrophic dinoflagellates have turned out to be mixotrophic dinoflagellates (Stoecker et al 1997, 2005a, 2005b, 2010a, 2010b, Adolf et al 2008, Berge et al 2008, Glibert et al 2009, 2016a. Furthermore, several newly described dinoflagellates have been revealed to be mixotrophic (Yoo et al 2010, Kang et al 2011, Jeong et al 2012, Lee et al 2014a, 2014b.…”

Section: Preparation Of Experimental Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate <italic>Yihiella yeosuensis</italic> (Suessiaceae) in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations

Jang¹,

Jeong²

2020

ALGAE

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To investigate the spatio-temporal distributions of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Yihiella yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations, water samples were seasonally collected from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Seas of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018. The abundances of Y. yeosuensis in the water samples were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Simultaneously, the physical and chemical properties of water from all sampled stations were determined, and the abundances of the optimal prey species of Y. yeosuensis, the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp. and the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia, were quantified using qPCR. Y. yeosuensis has a wide distribution, as is reflected by the detection of Y. yeosuensis cells at 23 sampling stations; however, this distribution has a strong seasonality, which is indicated by its detection at 22 stations in summer but only one station in winter. The abundance of Y. yeosuensis was significantly and positively correlated with those of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia, as well as with water temperature. The highest abundance of Y. yeosuensis was 48.5 cells mL -1 in Buan in July 2017, when the abundances of Pyramimonas sp. and T. amphioxeia were 917.6 and 210.4 cells mL -1 , respectively. The growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp., calculated by interpolating the growth rates at the same abundance, was 0.49 d -1 , which is 37% of the maximum growth rate of Y. yeosuensis on Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the laboratory. Therefore, the field abundance of Pyramimonas sp. obtained in the present study can support a moderate positive growth of Y. yeosuensis. The maximum grazing coefficient for Y. yeosuensis on the co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. was 0.42 d -1 , indicating that 35% of the Pyramimonas sp. population were consumed in 1 d. Therefore, the spatio-temporal distribution of Y. yeosuensis in Korean coastal waters may be affected by those of the optimal prey species and water temperature. Moreover, Y. yeosuensis may potentially have considerable grazing impacts on populations of Pyramimonas sp.

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“…Therefore, to acquire nutrients from Table 3. Comparison of eco-physiological characterizations of the phototrophic dinoflagellate species causing red tides in the present study Ceratium furca Sagami Bay, Japan 0.72 403 b 15 0.5 24 Baek et al (2008aBaek et al ( , 2008bBaek et al ( , 2009 Arabian Sea 1.29 --0.4 - Qasim et al (1973) Alexandrium fraterculus South Sea, Korea 0.69 680 a 24 --Our unpublished data, Lee et al (2016) Sanriku coast, Japan 0.35 ---25 Lim et al (2007a) Cochlodinium polykrikoides South Sea, Korea 0.30 --2.1 25 Kim et al (2001) South Sea, Korea -1,449 a 52 -- Jeong et al (1999) Furue Bay, Japan 0.41 ---25 Kim et al (2004) West Kyushu, Japan 0.61 ---27 Yamatogi et al (2005) MGR, maximum growth rate of a strain; MSS, maximum swimming speed; D10h, calculated depth which each red tide species can reach by descending for 10 h; K1/2 (NO3), half-saturation constants for uptake of nitrate; T, temperature for the optimal growth of each strain. were maintained at the OTSs until Sep 29 during which thermoclines were positioned at depths >20 m. Thus, the deep thermoclines formed by high solar insolation and retreat of the intruded deep cold waters at the OTSs are likely to favor Cochlodinium red tides over competing red tide species.…”

Section: Yearmentioning

confidence: 59%

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: I. Temporal variations in three-dimensional distributions of red-tide organisms and environmental factors

Jeong

Lim

Lee

et al. 2017

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The ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industry in the waters of Korea and other countries. Predicting outbreak of C. polykrikoides red tides 1-2 weeks in advance is a critical step in minimizing losses. In the South Sea of Korea, large C. polykrikoides red tide patches have often been recorded offshore and transported to nearshore waters. To explore the processes of offshore C. polykrikoides red tides, temporal variations in 3-dimensional (3-D) distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters were investigated by analyzing 4,432 water samples collected from 2-5 depths of 60 stations in the South Sea, Korea 16 times from May to Nov, 2014. In the study area, the vegetative cells of C. polykrikoides were found as early as May 7, but C. polykrikoides red tide patches were observed from Aug 21 until Oct 9. Cochlodinium red tides occurred in both inner and outer stations. Prior to the occurrence of large C. polykrikoides red tides, the phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense (Jun 12 to Jul 11), Ceratium furca (Jul 11 to Aug 21), and Alexandrium fraterculus (Aug 21) formed red tides in sequence, and diatom red tides formed 2-3 times without a certain distinct pattern. The temperature for the optimal growth of these four red tide dinoflagellates is known to be similar. Thus, the sequence of the maximum growth rates of P. donghaiense > C. furca > A. fraterculus > C. polykrikoides may be partially responsible for this sequence of red tides in the inner stations following high nutrients input in the surface waters because of heavy rains. Furthermore, Cochlodinium red tides formed and persisted at the outer stations when NO 3 concentrations of the surface waters were <2 µM and thermocline depths were >20 m with the retreat of deep cold waters, and the abundance of the competing red-tide species was relatively low. The sequence of the maximum swimming speeds and thus potential reachable depths of C. polykrikoides > A. fraterculus

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Mixotrophic ability of the phototrophic dinoflagellates Alexandrium andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus

Cited by 59 publications

References 74 publications

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Assessing risks and mitigating impacts of harmful algal blooms on mariculture and marine fisheries

Spatio-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate <italic>Yihiella yeosuensis</italic> (Suessiaceae) in Korean coastal waters and its grazing impact on prey populations

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in 2014: I. Temporal variations in three-dimensional distributions of red-tide organisms and environmental factors

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