2020
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0603-9
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Mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria: use of organic compounds by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus

Abstract: Marine picocyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus genera have been longtime considered as autotrophic organisms. However, compelling evidence published over the last 15 years shows that these organisms can use different organic compounds containing key elements to survive in oligotrophic oceans, such as N (amino acids, amino sugars), S (dimethylsulfoniopropionate, DMSP), or P (ATP). Furthermore, marine picocyanobacteria can also take up glucose and use it as a source of carbon and energy, despi… Show more

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Cited by 79 publications
(84 citation statements)
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References 90 publications
(158 reference statements)
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“…This dynamic implementation of glycogen storage, introduced here in dFBA, makes it possible for glycogen to be accumulated and depleted at variable rates ( Figure 1 ), aligning with the overflow metabolism hypothesis ( Szul et al, 2019 ; de Groot et al, 2020 ). Other key modifications induced by the ReFill algorithm and subsequent manual curation (see section Materials and Methods) include the completion of the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, recently discovered in cyanobacteria ( Chen et al, 2016 ) and proposed as the primary Prochlorococcus glucose metabolism pathway under mixotrophic conditions ( Biller et al, 2018 ; Muñoz-Marín et al, 2020 ). Additional revisions focused on the exudation of fixed carbon products from the cell and included various transports such as pyruvate, fumarate, citrate, ethanol, various nucleotides and hydrogen peroxide as well as metabolites found in both the endo- and exo- metabolome of Prochlorococcus (Metabolights study MTBLS567).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This dynamic implementation of glycogen storage, introduced here in dFBA, makes it possible for glycogen to be accumulated and depleted at variable rates ( Figure 1 ), aligning with the overflow metabolism hypothesis ( Szul et al, 2019 ; de Groot et al, 2020 ). Other key modifications induced by the ReFill algorithm and subsequent manual curation (see section Materials and Methods) include the completion of the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, recently discovered in cyanobacteria ( Chen et al, 2016 ) and proposed as the primary Prochlorococcus glucose metabolism pathway under mixotrophic conditions ( Biller et al, 2018 ; Muñoz-Marín et al, 2020 ). Additional revisions focused on the exudation of fixed carbon products from the cell and included various transports such as pyruvate, fumarate, citrate, ethanol, various nucleotides and hydrogen peroxide as well as metabolites found in both the endo- and exo- metabolome of Prochlorococcus (Metabolights study MTBLS567).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus has divergent light-harvesting antennae and may have evolved in a low-oxygen ocean previously suggested for other lineages (39,40), to survive under dark anoxic conditions. Marine planktonic picocyanobacteria likely emerged in the Neoproterozoic 1,000 to 542 Mya (17), roughly at the time of the oxygenation of the deep ocean (41).…”
Section: Of 6 | Pnasmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…For all ASVs, the summed contribution of all environmental variables was 40%, suggesting that additional nonmeasured variables may contribute to the patterns observed. These could include organic nutrients (Muñoz‐Marín et al 2020) or top‐down pressure from grazers (Frias‐lopez et al 2009; Apple et al 2011) and cyanophage (Ahlgren et al 2019). Several ASVs did not fall into these four large clusters and were only significantly correlated in abundance to a few or to no other ASVs.…”
Section: High Diversity In Low‐light Adapted Cladesmentioning
confidence: 99%