Mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis and Pyrethroids Control Winter Moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Orchards Without Causing Outbreaks of Mites

Hardman, John; Gaul, Sonia O.

doi:10.1093/jee/83.3.920

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…kurstaki. This was also reported by Hardman and Gaul (1990) who obtained high efficiency in controlling Operophtera brumata L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and mites in apple fields with the associated use of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki and pyrethroids, principally cypermethrin.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…In this way, in some cases, a combination of a chemical and a biological insecticide can control pests more efficiently when compared to a single method (Hardman and Gaul, 1990;Valentine et al, 1996). This statement is based on the principle that a conventional insecticide can act as a stressing agent to an insect and, in turn, the insect becomes vulnerable and more susceptible to infectious diseases, such as B. thuringiensis (Polanczyk and Alves, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Compatibility among insecticides, acaricides, and Bacillus thuringiensis used to control Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton fields

Agostini¹,

Duarte²,

Volpe³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Tetranychus urticae and Heliothis virescens are major pests of cotton and have been managed by the indiscriminate use of acaricides and insecticides. The combined use of chemical and biological products, in particular Bacillus thuringiensis-based products, and the rotation of active ingredients can reduce the negative effects of pesticides and can contribute to the management of resistance, control costs, and help the environment. Therefore, research on the compatibility of control tactics is essential to successful integrated pest management (IPM). The objective of this research was to determine the compatibility of chemical pesticides and a B. thuringiensis-based product in the control of T. urticae and H. virescens in cotton fields. Spiromesifen was compatible with B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. However, it reduced the development of B. thuringiensis by 40 to 65% relative to the control. Bifenthrin was toxic or moderately toxic to B. thuringiensis depending on the concentration used. Compared to the control, the vegetative growth of B. thuringiensis was 20% lower when used with bifenthrin. Bifenthrin + carbosulfan was highly toxic to B. thuringiensis, decreasing its vegetative growth to less than 1% compared to the control. Spiromesifen was compatible with the recommended concentrations of B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki.

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confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility among insecticides, acaricides, and Bacillus thuringiensis used to control Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton fields

Agostini¹,

Duarte²,

Volpe³

et al. 2014

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…Thus in 1990 there was an application of the pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, that is toxic to non-resistant arboreal phytoseiids (Hardman and Gaul 1990), endosulfan that is toxic to certain phytoseiids and stigmaeids (Lasnier et al 2004), and an application of the miticide, propargite, that suppresses phytoseiid populations (Hardman et al 2003). There were also single applications of the fungicide mancozeb, which is toxic to stigmaeids and phytoseiids, dodine, which is toxic to certain phytoseiids, e.g.…”

Section: Predators and P Ulmi-daysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between winter egg counts of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its summer abundance in a reduced spray orchard

et al. 2007

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We studied the relationship between counts of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) winter eggs per bud and mite-days per leaf accumulated in early to mid-summer on 92-96 apple trees in an orchard in Quebec, Canada. Stepwise regression was used to compute mite-days in the 4 year (1992-1995) data set using winter egg density, cumulative rainfall (R), cumulative degree-days (D), squared values of R and of D, and the product RD as potential predictors. Degree-days were accumulated above 10.1 degrees C, the minimum threshold of development for P. ulmi in Eastern Canada. The 4-year model that gave the best fit included terms for winter eggs, rainfall, R2, and the product RD, and explained 76% of the variation in mite-days. When the 4-year model was applied to each year's data separately, winter eggs, adjusted for current year rainfall and degree-days, were always highly significant predictors of mite-days. These significant effects of weather indicate that estimation of potential economic loss should take account of rainfall and heat units, as well as the density of winter eggs. Predators, including the stigmaeid, Agistemus fleschneri Summers, and occasional low numbers of phytoseiids, did not have any evident within-season effect on mite-days but their appearance in July-September of 1994 was followed by a ten-fold decrease in the mean density of winter eggs in 1995 compared with the previous spring. This reduction contrasted with increasing densities each successive spring from 1992 to 1994, which followed summers when predators were scarce or absent.

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“…Severe outbreaks, attributed to suppression of the phytoseiid mite, Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten, followed application of pyrethroids to control winter moth Operophtera brumata (L.) or fruit-stinging mirids such as the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hardman and Gaul 1990;Hardman and Rogers 1998). To remedy this situation, an organophosphate/ pyrethroid resistant strain of T. pyri was imported from New Zealand .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acaricides, pyrethroids and predator distributions on populations of Tetranychus urticae in apple orchards

et al. 2007

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We sampled mites in three apple orchards in Nova Scotia, Canada, that had been inoculated with pyrethroid-resistant Typhlodromus pyri and had a history of Tetranychus urticae outbreaks. The objective of this study was to monitor populations of T. urticae and phytoseiid predators on the ground and in trees and to track dispersal between the two habitats. Pesticides were the chief cause of differences in mite dynamics between orchards. In two orchards, application of favourably selective acaricides (abamectin, clofentezine) in 2002, coupled with predation by T. pyri in trees and Neoseiulus fallacis in ground cover, decreased high T. urticae counts and suppressed Panonychus ulmi. By 2003 phytoseiids kept the tetranychids at low levels. In a third orchard, application of pyrethroids (cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin), plus an unfavourably selective acaricide (pyridaben) in 2003, suppressed phytoseiids, allowing exponential increases of T. urticae in the ground cover and in tree canopies. By 2004 however, increasing numbers of T. pyri and application of clofentezine strongly reduced densities of T. urticae in tree canopies despite high numbers crawling up from the ground cover. Another influence on T. urticae dynamics was the distribution of the phytoseiids, T. pyri and N. fallacis. When harsh pesticides were avoided, T. pyri were numerous in tree canopies. Conversely, only a few N. fallacis were found there, even when they were present in the ground cover and on tree trunks. Low numbers were sometimes due to pyrethroid applications or to scarcity of prey. Another factor was likely the abundance of T. pyri, which not only competes with N. fallacis, but also feeds on its larvae and nymphs. The scarcity of a specialist predator of spider mites in trees means that control of T. urticae largely depends on T. pyri, a generalist predator that is not particularly effective in regulating T. urticae.

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Mixtures of Bacillus thuringiensis and Pyrethroids Control Winter Moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Orchards Without Causing Outbreaks of Mites

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Compatibility among insecticides, acaricides, and Bacillus thuringiensis used to control Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton fields

Compatibility among insecticides, acaricides, and Bacillus thuringiensis used to control Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cotton fields

The relationship between winter egg counts of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its summer abundance in a reduced spray orchard

Effects of acaricides, pyrethroids and predator distributions on populations of Tetranychus urticae in apple orchards

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