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Wessler, Ignaz; Schwarze, Sören; Brockerhoff, P.; Bittinger, Fernando; Kirkpatrick, Charles James; Kilbinger, H.

doi:10.1023/a:1022861020835

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Acetylcholine is synthesized by practically all living cells and can play an intermediary role in the interactions of non neuronal cells with the external environment, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and also the in neural system. On the other hand, all of these factors can also affect the expression and function of the non-neuronal cholinergic system (Wessler et al, 2003;Horiuchi et al. 2003).…”

Section: Non Neuronal Cholinergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mRNA of ChAT and ChAT protein have been demonstrated in isolated human immune cells, airway epithelial cells and cultured human keratinocytes (Grando et al, 1993). It is has been shown that ACh, ChAT, and various mAChRs and nAChRs subtypes are expressed in non-neuronal mammalian tissues and organs, including lymphocytes (Fujii and Kawashima, 2004Kawashima, , 2012, epithelia, gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital epithelial cells (Wessler et al 2003) placenta (Sastry, 1997) and vascular endothelial cells (Saeed et al, 2005).…”

Section: Non Neuronal Cholinergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Localization of Cholinergic Nerve Endings and Acetyicholine Receptors in Tissues of the Immune System- Animal and Post-mortem Human Study

Thayabaran¹

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Section: Non Neuronal Cholinergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non Neuronal Cholinergic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Localization of Cholinergic Nerve Endings and Acetyicholine Receptors in Tissues of the Immune System- Animal and Post-mortem Human Study

Thayabaran¹

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Non-neuronal acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase in oviductal epithelial cells of cyclic and pregnant pigs

et al. 2006

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Certain female reproductive tissues are known to express the non-neuronal cholinergic system. Using different experimental approaches, we tested the hypothesis that acetylcholine (ACh) in the porcine oviduct may also be derived from non-neuronal structures. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in different segments of the oviduct of cyclic and pregnant sows. Immunohistochemical experiments revealed strong immunoexpression of ChAT in the entire oviductal epithelium at metoestrus. Thereby, a particular pronounced staining was found in the supranuclear region of almost all epithelial cells. Immunostaining of ChAT decreased markedly during dioestrus and prooestrus stages, respectively. At prooestrus, ChAT immunoreactivity was confined to ciliated cells. Furthermore, we found elevated level of staining intensity of ChAT in the pregnant oviduct at day 13. Using the same ChAT antibody for Western blot analyses, we detected immunoreactive bands of MW 69,000 and 46,000 mainly in ampulla, while MW 58,000 and 30,000 forms were present mainly in infundibulum and isthmus. Furthermore ACh was detected by HPLC and fluorimetric methods in oviductal epithelium. In conclusion, we show expression of ChAT in oviductal epithelial cells at different stages of the oestrus cycle and pregnancy, indicating that these cells can synthesize ACh in a cycle-dependent manner. These results suggest as yet unexplored roles of epithelial ACh in the oviduct.

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Nicotine: Alcohol Reward Interactions

Lajtha

Sershen

2010

Neurochem Res

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It is well established that the continued intake of drugs of abuse is reinforcing-that is repeated consumption increases preference. This has been shown in some studies to extend to other drugs of abuse; use of one increases preference for another. In particular, the present review deals with the interaction of nicotine and alcohol as it has been shown that smoking is a risk factor for alcoholism and alcohol use is a risk factor to become a smoker. The review discusses changes in the brain caused by chronic nicotine and chronic alcohol intake to approach the possible mechanisms by which one drug increases the preference for another. Chronic nicotine administration was shown to affect nicotine receptors in the brain, affecting not only receptor levels and distribution, but also receptor subunit composition, thus affecting affinity to nicotine. Other receptor systems are also affected among others catecholamine, glutamate, GABA levels and opiate and cannabinoid receptors. In addition to receptor systems and transmitters, there are endocrine, metabolic and neuropeptide changes as well induced by nicotine. Similarly chronic alcohol intake results in changes in the brain, in multiple receptors, transmitters and peptides as discussed in this overview and also illustrated in the tables. The changes are sex and age-dependent-some changes in males are different from those in females and in general adolescents are more sensitive to drug effects than adults. Although nicotine and alcohol interact-not all the changes induced by the combined intake of both are additive-some are opposing. These opposing effects include those on locomotion, acetylcholine metabolism, nicotine binding, opiate peptides, glutamate transporters and endocannabinoid content among others. The two compounds lower the negative withdrawal symptoms of each other which may contribute to the increase in preference, but the mechanism by which preference increases-most likely consists of multiple components that are not clear at the present time. As the details of induced changes of nicotine and alcohol differ, it is likely that the mechanisms of increasing nicotine preference may not be identical to that of increasing alcohol preference. Stimulation of preference of yet other drugs may again be different -representing one aspect of drug specificity of reward mechanisms.

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Untitled

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Identification and Localization of Cholinergic Nerve Endings and Acetyicholine Receptors in Tissues of the Immune System- Animal and Post-mortem Human Study

Identification and Localization of Cholinergic Nerve Endings and Acetyicholine Receptors in Tissues of the Immune System- Animal and Post-mortem Human Study

Non-neuronal acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase in oviductal epithelial cells of cyclic and pregnant pigs

Nicotine: Alcohol Reward Interactions

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